铁路地质综合勘探方法决策支持系统设计研究

探讨了铁路地质综合勘探方法决策支持系统设计的原理和方法 ,从知识表达和决策服务的角度分别介绍了其知识库、实例库、模式库的建立方法和原则 ,重点对模式库和决策推理机制作了较为详细的叙述 ,并结合实例进行了分析和探讨。     

Re-entrant melting as a design principle for DNA-coated colloids

Colloids functionalized with DNA hold great promise as building blocks for complex self-assembling structures. However, the practical use of DNA-coated colloids (DNACCs) has been limited by the narrowness of the temperature window where the target structures are both thermodynamically stable and kinetically accessible. Here we propose a strategy to design DNACCs, whereby the colloidal suspensions crystallize on cooling and then melt on further cooling. In a phase diagram with such a re-entrant melting, kinetic trapping of the system in non-target structures should be strongly suppressed. We present model calculations and simulations that show that real DNA sequences exist that should bestow this unusual phase behaviour on suitably functionalized colloidal suspensions. We present our results for binary systems, but the concepts that we develop apply to multicomponent systems and should therefore open the way towards the design of truly complex self-assembling colloidal structures.     

Opportunities and challenges in improving surgical work flow

Safe and efficient surgical operations depend on a work environment larger than the individual operating room (OR) and on communications at different levels of the hospital organization. Extensive communication is needed before and during surgery to ensure that surgical rooms, equipment, and supplies; patients; surgeons; supporting personnel; and accompanying documentation are all ready at the appropriate times. In this article, we compile the results of three of our studies of communication activities outside ORs, with the goal of identifying opportunities and challenges in the workflow of surgery. The first study demonstrates the amount of communication work performed by OR coordinators. The second study demonstrates the potential functions of a whiteboard in communication. The third study describes an organizational learning strategy of proactive event reporting. We apply computer-supported cooperative work and organizational learning concepts to the findings and suggest ways in which information technology may improve surgical workflow.     

铝掺杂的富锂正极材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.4Fe0.3Al0.1]O2的合成及电化学性能研究

用共沉淀法合成了用铝掺杂的铁部分取代锰的富锂正极材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.4Fe0.3Al0.1]O2。采用XRD、SEM、电化学测试等方法对样品进行表征。结果表明,与Li[Li0.2Mn0.45Fe0.35]O2相比,Li[Li0.2Mn0.4Fe0.3Al0.1]O2具有较好的电化学性能,其初始容量达到241mAh/g左右,经50次充放电循环后,容量衰减率在7%左右。     

Evaluation of readily accessible azoles as mimics of the aromatic ring of D-phenylalanine in the turn region of gramicidin S

The influence of replacing the d-phenylalanine residue with substituted and unsubstituted azoles on the structure and biological activity of the antibiotic gramicidin S was investigated against a representative panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. Substituted triazole derivatives, obtained using a convergent synthetic strategy, are as active as gramicidin S, provided that any substituent on the triazole moiety is not too large. The unsubstituted triazole derivative was biologically less active than the parent natural product, gramicidin S. In general for the triazole series, the hemolytic activity could be correlated with the antibacterial activity, that is, the higher the antibacterial activity, the higher the toxicity towards blood cells. Interestingly, its imidazole counterpart showed high antibacterial activity, combined with significantly diminished hemolytic activity.     

Oxygen uptake methods as a tool to determine the mechanism of action of hindered amine light stabilizers1

The UV-degradation of an unstabilized and two HALS stabilized polyethylene (PE) films is described. The degradations are characterized by measuring the oxygen uptake, the formation of CO and CO₂, the FT-IR spectra, the mechanical properties, the stabilizer concentration and the oxygen content of the film. The oxygen uptake of the unstabilized PE film led to the expected changes in the IR spectra and embrittlement of the film, while the oxygen uptake by the HALS stabilized films caused only minor changes. The differences between the results for the unstabilized and the HALS stabilized polymers are explained assuming that the initiation of the photodegradation of PE is due to charge transfer complexes.     

三星美术馆

正总规划面积27 000m2的三星美术馆项目由OMA于1997年设计完成。综合体坐落于市中心附近的汉南洞住宅区,由OMA、马里奥·博塔和让·努维尔分别设计的三座建筑构成。OMA设计的大楼总面积达13 100m2,包括临时当代展览、媒体和办公空间。三座大楼汇聚于中央多功能室,形成大厅和问询处。经由直通多功能室的坡路穿过OMA     

向家坝水电站VII坝址三维地质建模研究

以向家坝水电站VII坝址为例,讨论了三维地质建模的几个关键问题及其处理方法:①多源数据的整合方法;②采用Laplace插值点和原始数据点共同构造地质曲面的方法;③基于裁剪的近层状地质体的构造方法。展示了向家坝VII坝址三维地质模型在显示、自动成图、虚拟现实漫游和三维数值计算等方面的应用效果。     

Response of spontaneously hypertensive rats to inhalation of fine and ultrafine particles from traffic: experimental controlled study

Background  

Many epidemiological studies have shown that mass concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM) are associated with adverse health effects in the human population. Since PM is still a very crude measure, this experimental study has explored the role of two distinct size fractions: ultrafine (<0.15 μm) and fine (0.15- 2.5 μm) PM. In a series of 2-day inhalation studies, spontaneously hypersensitive (SH) rats were exposed to fine, concentrated, ambient PM (fCAP) at a city background location or a combination of ultrafine and fine (u+fCAP) PM at a location dominated by traffic. We examined the effect on inflammation and both pathological and haematological indicators as markers of pulmonary and cardiovascular injury. Exposure concentrations ranged from 399 μg/m³ to 3613 μg/m³ for fCAP and from 269μg/m³ to 556 μg/m³ for u+fCAP.