Wind Field in Greater Tehran Area（GTA） in Autumn Season

IntroductionTehran, the Capital of I.R. Iran, is a huge city with acurrent population more than 12 millions, and an area ofapproximately 2000 km', including its suburban. Itlocates at latitode 35" 31' north and longitllde sl" 19,east, in the south part of the Alborz Mountains andsurmunded by mountains from north-west, north, to eastand central desert of iran from west and south. Therefore,Tehran has upward slope from south to north and fromwest to east. There are only some hills (with compa…     

Co-pyrolysis characteristics of polysaccharides-cellulose and the co-pyrolyzed compound distributions over two kinds of zeolite catalysts

Co-pyrolysis characteristics of soluble polysaccharides-cellulose were investigated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), kinetic analysis, analytical pyrolyser coupled with gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS) and subsequent density functional theory (DFT). Results from TGA and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) analyses indicated that there were synergistic effects in the polysaccharides-cellulose (PS-CE) blends pyrolysis process. Surprisingly in co-pyrolysis process from Py-GC/MS analysis, the furans were suppressed, while the anhydrosugars were increased. The DFT calculation showed that free radicals pyrolyzed from soluble polysaccharides could suppress the ring-opening reaction of D-glucopyranose. The co-pyrolyzed chemical compound distribution over the catalysts (MCM-41, ZSM-5 and their mixtures) was also detected through Py-GC/MS analysis. Both the zeolites showed high selectivity for 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde and 2-furaldehyde. The two kinds of zeolites could induce the generation of furans but suppress the production of anhydrosugars, which was the opposite effect of the co-pyrolysis of PS-CE.     

Geochemical characteristics of upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir bitumen in the Eastern Kopeh-Dagh,NE Iran

Geochemical characteristics of solid bitumen in Upper Jurassic carbonate reservoir are investigated. Aromatic maturity parameters indicate peak to late oil window level of maturity for the bitumen samples. Regular sterane distributions, conical variable (CV), plots of δ¹³C_Sat versus δ¹³C_Aro and Pr/nC₁₇ against Ph/n_C18, predominance of C₂₃ tricyclic terpane, ratios of steranes/hopanes and C₂₃/C₂₁ tricyclic terpane indicate charging from clastic-rich anoxic marine source rocks. Ratios of C₂₉/C₃₀ hopane, Ts/Ts+ Tm, C₂₄ tetracyclic terpane/C_20-26 tricyclic terpanes and plot of C₂₂/C₂₁ versus C₂₄/C₂₃ tricyclic terpanes show influences of carbonate/marl facies. All these would throw crucial guiding light on the interpretation of the future exploration.     

Optimization of extraction process of bioactive compounds from Bene hull using subcritical water

Bene hull contains antioxidant components. Optimum conditions for bioactive compound extraction processes from Bene hull using subcritical water with response surface methodology (RSM) were obtained. Temperature (110–200°C), processing time (30–60 min), and the water to Bene hull ratio (10:1–50:1) were the investigated factors. The optimal conditions for maximizing the antioxidant activity were 196.8°C for 52.6 min and a ratio of 43.6:1 for water to Bene hull. Under these conditions, the amount of polyphenolic compounds, the reduction power (RP) (EC₅₀), and the DPPH free radical scavenging activity (RSA) (EC₅₀) were predicted to be 2,284 mg of gallic acid/100 g of Bene hull, 0.2002 mg/mL, and 0.6284 mg/mL, respectively. HPLC analysis was used to identify the main phenolic compounds. The subcritical water extraction technique could be used as a beneficial method to obtain bioactive compounds from Bene hull.     

Doping effects of Co on exo-hydrogenated narrow single-walled carbon nanotubes

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) were employed for a systematic study of electronic structure and morphologic characteristics of bare and exo-hydrogenated Co-doped single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Two internally and one externally doping configurations for the cobalt adatoms were investigated. Binding energies, bond lengths and angles, under full and half converge of the adsorbed hydrogen atoms were calculated for both cases. Effect of hybridization between the Co-3d and the H-s orbitals showed that the exo-hydrogenated CNTs with full and half coverage cases would be stable in the internally doped Co atom systems; whereas, the stability of the hydrogenated systems under externally doped Co adatom was not trivial. In general, for the externally Co-doping, the Co atoms can act as additional adsorbents so the amount of total adsorbed hydrogens could be varied substantially; whereas, for the internally Co-doping the nature of the exo-hydrogenation (being atomic or molecular) shows nanotube's chirality dependent.     

Foliar Application of Nano-Silicon Complexes on Growth,Oxidative Damage and Bioactive Compounds of Feverfew Under Drought Stress

Silicon - Drought stress limits the growth and yield of essential oils of valuable medicinal plants such as feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium). So, foliar application efficiency of nano-silicon...     

One year soy protein supplementation has positive effects on bone formation markers but not bone density in postmenopausal women

Background  

Although soy protein and its isoflavones have been reported to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in peri- and post-menopausal women, most of these studies are of short duration (i.e. six months). The objective of this study was to examine if one year consumption of soy-containing foods (providing 25 g protein and 60 mg isoflavones) exerts beneficial effects on bone in postmenopausal women.