论我国炼油厂和管道运输的可持续发展

论述了炼油厂大型化的优点：大型炼油厂的经济及环保指标均优于中小型炼油厂;大炼油厂采用先进的工艺和环保措施效果显著;可持续发展潜力比小炼油厂大。针对我国油田及进口油港的分布,提出建设13个大型炼化中心取代目前分散布置的大中小炼油厂的设想。为配合大型炼化中心的建设,我国的以原油运输为主的管道工业今后应将改建为以成品油运输为主。指出了今后需要研究克服的难题：卡斯特溶洞地质地区管道穿越问题;高黏易凝原油的常温输送技术;研究阶梯输送调度技术;研究开发耐用的适用于中小口径旧管道改造的内防腐—减阻涂层技术;汽油及轻质油的全密闭储存技术;研究无外漏的全密闭绿色泵及绿色压缩机;原油管道改造为成品油管道技术等。     

Phase change memory alloys: GST cell array characterization using picosecond ultrasonics

Phase change random access memory alloys (PRAM or PCM) are a class of non-volatile memory that is thought as viable alternatives to flash memory technology or to supplement other memory technologies depending on the end applications and its key performance requirements. Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ alloy (GST) is the most widely used chalcogenide material for PCM application, and has many unique properties, including strong temperature-dependent film properties, low thermal conductivity, and high electrical resistivity. Picosecond ultrasonics was used to make non-contact, non-destructive measurements of GST films on blanket wafers and directly on product wafers. On-product wafer measurements were made on various via array (0.5 μm and 1 μm between cell edges with CD size from 250 to 800 nm). Measurements have shown excellent correlation to cross-section SEM and were consistent with CMP polish times for both blanket and pattern wafer measurement. Excellent repeatability based on extensive measurements demonstrates the capability and reliability of picosecond ultrasonic technology. Picosecond ultrasonic measurements also provide rapid characterization across the whole wafer at production-worthy throughputs.     

Impedance match for Stirling type cryocoolers

Impedance match in Stirling type cryocoolers is important for the compressor efficiency and available acoustic power. This paper generalizes the basic principles concerning the efficiency and acoustic power output of the linear compressor. Starting from basic governing equations and mainly from the viewpoint of energy balance, the physical mechanisms behind the principles are clearly shown. Specially, this paper focuses on the impedance match for an existing compressor, where the current limit and displacement limit should also be taken into consideration when selecting a suitable impedance. Some case studies based on a commercial compressor are also provided for a deep understanding.     

Mechanically strong conducting hydrogels with special double-network structure

Mechanically strong conducting hydrogels composed of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) have been synthesized through the construction of a special double-network (sDN) structure. The novelty of the sDN hydrogels lies in the introduction of PEDOT-PSS semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogel as the second network. Based on the experimental results and the double-network theory, an additional strengthening effect resulting from the formation of the PEDOT clusters in a three-step fracture process is proposed. The applicability of as-prepared PAAm/PEDOT-PSS sDN hydrogels in electromechanical actuators is also briefly discussed.     

微风细雨:都江堰虹口香溪堂设计随笔

<正>都江堰虹口距成都市约80km,因避暑及漂流而成为成都的旅游胜地,生态旅游中心选址于虹口风景区深溪沟。项目分两期,一期为深溪沟接待点,由香溪行馆(别墅区)和香溪堂(服务配套建筑,190m~2)组成,二期为虹口旅游服务中心及酒店。香溪堂作为接待、休闲之用,规模很小,功能简单,但业主极为重视,把它作为二期启动前的形象展示,希望设计理念先进,独具个性。业主于2007年10月正式委托我们设计一期工程,原计划2008年6月动工。5月12日突如其来的汶川大地     

地下工程抗浮加固设计

地下工程的抗浮设计非常重要,往往决定着工程的成败。本文所述案例由于原设计未充分考虑地下水的影响而致使事故的发生。笔者通过对事故现象的分析,找出了造成事故原因,从而采取经济合理的加固方案使该工程达到了较为满意的经济和社会效益。     

弯剪作用下建筑物单桩桩基计算方法初探

本文通过分析弯剪作用下的建筑桩基的水平承载力计算的规范方法及支护结构中的挡土桩的计算方法和对弯剪作用下建筑桩基的受力状态的定性分析,给出了该种工况下的单桩计算的建议模型供同仁参考指正。     

基于FPGA的超高分辨率监视器设计与实现

为满足工业、农业、交通等领域对输出大尺寸图像的高分辨率要求,立足于现有电子产品,采用拼接、分部显示等技术,设计出能够满足上述需求的监视器。阐述了监视器设计过程、硬件结构和逻辑结构,消除了近距离观看时的锯齿感,提高放大后画面的显示效果。     

Seeker optimization algorithm for global optimization: A case study on optimal modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)

In order to optimize the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model parameters, a novel approach based on seeker optimization algorithm (SOA) is proposed. The SOA is based on the concept of simulating human searching behaviors, where the choice of search direction is based on the empirical gradient by evaluating the response to the position changes and the decision of step length is based on uncertainty reasoning by using a simple Fuzzy rule. In this study, after evaluated on benchmark function optimization, the SOA is applied to optimal modelling of the PEMFC by using a fuel cell test system in Fuel Cell Application Centre (FAC) at the Temasek Polytechnic, and compared with several state-of-the-art versions of differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is superior to other compared algorithms, and the PEMFC model with optimized parameters by SOA fitted experimental data well. Hence, SOA is an effective and reliable technique for optimizing the parameters of PEMFC model, and can be helpful for system analysis, optimization design and real-time control of the PEMFCs.     

实践技能教学方法的探索

根据高等职业技术教育培养目标的要求,在电力类专业教学计划中,增设了"电气工程图阅读实训"教学内容.在教学实践中,率先引进"引导探究"教学法,剖析了它在职业技术教育中应用的优越性.实践证明,引导探究教学法的引进是必要的,具有可行性.