Pharmacological action of anabolic steroids

Anabolic steroids (AS) are derivatives of androgen (testosterone and its close relatives). AS have been primarily developed for clinical use as anabolic agents with the expectation that they would be relatively less androgenic than testosterone and its close relatives. Various AS are applied to clinical use, but none is free from androgenic activity. Relation between chemical structure and anabolic-androgenic potency of various AS is summarized. AS action in erythropoiesis operates through increased porphyrin formation and production of erythropoietin. Mechanism of AS action in bone formation is suggested that AS potentiate intestinal 1.25(OH)2D receptors. Identification of androgen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells suggest that AS act directly on receptor-mediated mechanism. The other action of AS is briefly summarized.     

Consequences of radiation effects on pure-silica-core optical fibers used for Raman-scattering-based temperature measurements

Two types of pure-silica-core fibers (one low-OH, Al-jacketed, one medium-OH, polyimide jacketed) suitable for use as sensing fibers for Raman-scattering-based temperature measurements in nuclear environments have been subjected to gamma and fission reactor irradiation tests. Spectral attenuation measurements were performed between 500 and 1500 nm with samples kept at room temperature, 80 and 300/spl deg/C. The Al-jacketed fiber was developed for use under ionizing radiation and showed lower loss compared with the polyimide-jacketed fiber at room temperature under gamma irradiation. Both fiber types showed similar spectra at room temperature with the main part of the loss originating from a band tail extending from the ultraviolet. Thermal bleaching of the radiation-induced defects was found to be effective in both fiber types. At 80/spl deg/C the loss in both fibers was compounded of a band at 625 nm together with the band tail from the ultraviolet, which now had a strength several times lower compared with room-temperature irradiations. At 300/spl deg/C, both fibers exhibited similar low-loss spectra, except for the band at 625 nm which reached levels of approximately /spl sim/2000 dB/km at an accumulated dose of 2.8/spl times/10/sup 4/ Gy(SiO/sub 2/). In light of the experimental spectral findings, selection of suitable Raman-distributed temperature sensors for nuclear plants can be made.     

Analysis of highly doped collector transistors by usingtwo-dimensional process/device simulation and its application of ECLcircuits

A report is presented of the results of an investigation of device parameters and collector-to-emitter breakdown voltages of double polysilicon self-aligned transistors with highly doped collectors using a two-dimensional process/device simulation system. Favourable phosphorous-ion implanting condition for a highly doped pedestal collector was found to achieve a high cutoff frequency as well as low AC base resistance and small base-collector capacitance, thereby keeping the minimum collector-to-emitter breakdown voltage of 3 V. The authors also report ECL circuit performance improvements achieved in experiments that realized a minimum ECL gate delay time of 26.3 ps/gate at switching current of 1.64 mA as a result of process optimization. Moreover, a 1/8 static frequency divider T-F/F has been observed to operate up to a maximum frequency of 15.8 GHz     

Surgical treatment of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome associated with protein-losing enteropathy: report of a case

PURPOSE: The case of a patient with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, who developed a protein-losing enteropathy, is reported. METHODS: After localization of the protein-losing region, a right colectomy was performed. RESULTS: Hypoproteinemia and ectodermal changes improved postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery is an effective treatment for protein-losing enteropathy in Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. Ectodermal changes improve after correcting malnutrition.     

Dermatan sulfate enhances the lysis of laser-induced thrombus in vivo

Direct chiral resolution of four major flavanones recovered from post-administrative urine of the traditional Chinese medicines Daisaiko-to and Shosaiko-to was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on macroporous silica gel coated with cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), Chiralcel OD. Chromatographic conditions were optimized so as to attain satisfactory enantiomeric resolution of the polysubstituted flavanones. Urinary liquiritigenin and naringenin were considerable mixtures of R and S-enantiomers, while S-enantiomers of dihydrowogonin and dihydrooroxylin A were predominantly excreted. Our chiral HPLC techniques can be applied to pharmacokinetical evaluation of the chiral flavanone enantiomers following oral administration of the herbal medicines.     

A linearly polarized radial line slot antenna

A design for linearly polarized radial line slot antenna (RLSA) is proposed. A novel slot arrangement is presented which couples to the rotationally symmetric guided waves to produce a uniform aperture distribution with linear polarization. Basic characteristics were measured in the 12-GHz band on a model antenna. The radiation patterns indicate a reasonable cross-polarization level more than 15 dB below the copolarization. The poor VSWR response is typical for waveguide broadside arrays. A technique to suppress this reflection is to tilt the beam from the boresight     

A 1.8 Gb/s GaAs optoelectronic universal switch LSI withmonolithically integrated photodetector and laser driver

A high-speed monolithic optical interface switch LSI is developed using a GaAs MSM photodetector and large-scale integrated electric circuits. This LSI operates universally as a 1.8 Gb/s optical-input/optical-output four-channel time-division switch, a 1.8 Gb/s optical-input/electrical-output 1:4 demultiplexer, a 2.0 Gb/s electrical-output 4:1 multiplexer, and a 2.8 Gb/s electrical-input/electrical-output 4×4 space-division switch. It uses a new multistage 2×2 switch block with small hardware and high-speed operation. It can be expanded to a 16×16 optical-input/optical-output time-division switch operating at up to 1.8 Gb/s for broadband-ISDN