发达国家食品召回机制给我们的启示

建立健全食品安全召回机制,已成为许多国家食品安全监督管理的新型理念、重要手段和发展趋势.对美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、欧盟等发达国家和地区在食品召回的法律保障、职责分工、召回程序、信息系统等方面的主要特点进行分析和总结,就我国在食品安全召回的法律体系、机构设置、技术支撑、实施过程、应急措施等方面的现状和存在的问题进行对比研究,并就建立和完善我国食品召回机制提出了完善法律法规体系、加强技术支撑建设、明确管理协调机构、建立完备溯源体系、加强教育宣传培训、完善应急处理体系等建议和对策.     

超支化芳香族聚酰胺酯单体的合成及表征

以3,5-二羟基苯甲酸为原料合成芳香族AB2型单体2-(3,5-二羟基苯甲酰)邻氨基苯甲酸,由此作为超支化聚酰胺酯的单体,并用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行表征.2-(3,5-二羟基苯甲酰)邻氨基苯甲酸单体的成功合成将为超支化聚合物的制备奠定基础.     

New Algorithm for Binary Connected-Component Labeling Based on Run-Length Encoding and Union-Find Sets

Based on detailed analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the existing connected-component labeling (CCL) algorithm, a new algorithm for binary connected components labeling based on run-length encoding (RLE) and union-find sets has been put forward. The new algorithm uses RLE as the basic processing unit, converts the label merging of connected RLE into sets grouping in accordance with equivalence relation, and uses the union-find sets which is the realization method of sets grouping to solve the label merging of connected RLE. And the label merging procedure has been optimized: the union operation has been modified by adding the "weighted rule" to avoid getting a degenerated-tree, and the "path compression" has been adopted when implementing the find operation, then the time complexity of label merging is O(nα(n)). The experiments show that the new algorithm can label the connected components of any shapes very quickly and exactly, save more memory, and facilitate the subsequent image analysis.     

企业可重构竞争力系统中和谐思维方式研究

和谐竞争观是企业可重构竞争力系统所固有的组成部分,也是该系统可持续发展的必要条件。认为和谐是企业可重构竞争力系统的特性之一;和谐思维方式促使企业可重构竞争力系统功能得到极大化发挥。结合系统论、复杂科学理论,讨论企业可重构竞争力系统中和谐思维方式是如何体现在各层级之间的和谐关系之中,并且定量分析了和谐度对竞争力系统功能发挥的影响。     

Deformation simulation of low-temperature high-speed extrusion for 6063 Al alloy

The hot compression test of 6063 Al alloy was performed on a Gleeble-1500 thermo-simulation machine, and the forming of 6063 rod extrudate in low-temperature high-speed extrusion was simulated with extrusion ratio of 25 on the platform of DEFORM 2D successfully. From the compression experimental results, the flow stress model of this Al alloy is obtained which could be the constitutive equation in the simulation of low-temperature high-speed extrusion process. From the numerical simulation results, there is a higher strain concentration at the entrance of the die and the exit temperature reaches up to 522 °C in low-temperature high-speed extrusion, which approaches to the quenching temperature of the 6063 Al alloy. The results show that the low-temperature high-speed extrusion method as a promsing one can reduce energy consumption effectively.     

Carbon spheres prepared via solvent-thermal reaction method and their microstructures after high temperature treatment

Carbon spheres with size of 50–300 nm were synthesized via a solvent-thermal reaction with calcium carbide and chloroform as reactants in a sealed autoclave. The morphologies and microstructures of carbon spheres before and after high temperature treatment (HTT) were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The formation mechanism of carbon spheres was discussed. The results indicate that the carbon spheres convert to hollow polyhedron through HTT. Carbon spheres are composed of entangled and curve graphitic layers with short range order similar to cotton structure, and carbon polyhedron with dimension of 50–250 nm and shell thickness of 15–30 nm. The change of solid spheres to hollow polyhedron with branches gives a new evidence for formation mechanism of hollow carbon spheres.     

Structure of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 system low-melting sealing glass

Bi_2O_3-ZnO-B_2O_3 system glass is a kind of lead-free low melting sealing glasses. The structure of Bi_2O_3-ZnO-B_2O_3 system low-melting sealing glass was investigated by DSC, FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The results show that with the increase of B_2O_3 content, the transition temperature Tg and softening temperature T_f of Bi_2O_3-ZnO-B_2O_3 system low-melting sealing glasses increase, which leads to the liquid phase precipitation temperature increasing and promotes the structure stability in the glass. With increasing the heat treatment temperature, a large number of liquid phases appear in samples and the sinter efficiency of the samples increases. The FT-IR spectra of the glasses show the presence of some bands that are assigned to vibrations of Bi-O bond from [BO_3] pyramidal and [BiO_6] octahedral units and B-O from [BO_3] and [BO_4] units. With the decrease of B_2O_3 content, the crystallization tendency of the glass increases. In glass samples B_1 and B_2, crystallization starts at 460 ℃ and 540 ℃, respectively. Both of them precipitate Bi-(24)B_2O_(39) phases.     

Solid state interfacial reactions in electrodeposited Ni/Sn couples

Ni/Sn couples,prepared by sequentially electroplating Ni layers and Sn layers on metallized Si wafers,were employed to study the mierostructures and growth kinetics of Ni-Sn intermediate phases,when the Ni/Sn couples were aged at room temperature or annealed at temperatures from 150 to 225℃for various times.The results show that the NiSn phase and Ni_3Sn_4 phase are formed,respectively,in the aged couples and annealed couples.The Ni_3Sn_4 layer is continuously distributed between the Ni and Sn sides in t...     

Structural evolution and optical characterization in argon diluted Si:H thin films obtained by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

The structural evolution and optical characterization of hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) thin films obtained by conventional radio frequency (RF) plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) through decomposition of silane diluted with argon were studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, respectively. The influence of argon dilution on the optical properties of the thin films was also studied. It is found that argon as dilution gas plays a significant role in the growth of nano-crystal grains and amorphous network in Si:H thin films. The structural evolution of the thin films with different argon dilution ratios is observed and it is suggested that argon plasma leads to the nanocrystallization in the thin films during the deposition process. The nanocrystallization initiating at a relatively low dilution ratio is also observed. With the increase of argon portion in the mixed precursor gases, nano-crystal grains in the thin films evolve regularly. The structural evolution is explained by a proposed model based on the energy exchange between the argon plasma constituted with Ar* and Ar⁺ radicals and the growth regions of the thin films. It is observed that both the absorption of UV-vis light and the optical gap decrease with the increase of dilution ratio.     

几株纤维素酶产生菌的分离鉴定及其产酶能力

从枯枝、秸秆、土壤中分离出35株产纤维素酶菌株。以酶活值作为复筛标准,筛选出5株产羧甲基纤维素酶和滤纸酶活力相对较高的菌株,分别为柱隔孢霉（Ramularia NS1）、康氏木霉（Trichoderma koningii NS2）、灰绿青霉（Penicillium glaucum NS3）、白腐菌（White-rot fungi NS4）和绿色木霉（T.viride Persex Fx NS5）。经？瓶发酵和酶活检测,其羧甲基纤维素酶活（CMC酶活）分别为297.97 IU/mL,300.11 IU/mL,154.83 IU/mL,146.68 IU/mL,308.14 IU/mL;滤纸酶活（FPA酶活）分别为6.56 IU/mL,5.63 IU/mL,4.29 IU/mL,9.63 IU/mL,8.02 IU/mL。其中绿色木霉（T.viride PersexFxNS5）在发酵条件：麸皮：CMC-Na（1：1）各6 g/L,硫酸铵4 g/L,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间3 d,发酵液CMC酶活和滤纸酶活分别达到352.11 IU/mL和13.96 IU/mL,比初筛酶活分别提高14.26%和74.06%。