Mechanics of Reversible Deformation during Leaf Movement and Regulation of Pulvinus Development in Legumes

Plant cell deformation is a mechanical process that is driven by differences in the osmotic pressure inside and outside of the cell and is influenced by cell wall properties. Legume leaf movements result from reversible deformation of pulvinar motor cells. Reversible cell deformation is an elastic process distinct from the irreversible cell growth of developing organs. Here, we begin with a review of the basic mathematics of cell volume changes, cell wall function, and the mechanics of bending deformation at a macro scale. Next, we summarize the findings of recent molecular genetic studies of pulvinar development. We then review the mechanisms of the adaxial/abaxial patterning because pulvinar bending deformation depends on the differences in mechanical properties and physiological responses of motor cells on the adaxial versus abaxial sides of the pulvinus. Intriguingly, pulvini simultaneously encompass morphological symmetry and functional asymmetry along the adaxial/abaxial axis. This review provides an introduction to leaf movement and reversible deformation from the perspective of mechanics and molecular genetics.     

Cardiac Toxicity Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an important advancement in the field of cancer treatment, significantly improving the survival of patients with a series of advanced malignancies, like melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and Hodgkin lymphoma. ICIs act upon T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells, targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), breaking the immune tolerance of the T cells against malignant cells and enhancing the body’s own immune response. A variety of cardiac-adverse effects are associated with ICI-based treatment, including pericarditis, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and acute coronary syndrome, with myocarditis being the most studied due to its often-unexpected onset and severity. Overall, Myocarditis is rare but presents an immune-related adverse event (irAE) that has a high fatality rate. Considering the rising number of oncological patients treated with ICIs and the severity of their potential adverse effects, a good understanding and continuous investigation of cardiac irAEs is of the utmost importance. This systematic review aimed to revise recent publications (between 2016–2022) on ICI-induced cardiac toxicities and highlight the therapeutical approach and evolution in the selected cases.     

The Role of TGFβ and Other Cytokines in Regulating Mast Cell Functions in Allergic Inflammation

Mast cells (MC) are a key effector cell in multiple types of immune responses, including atopic conditions. Allergic diseases have been steadily rising across the globe, creating a growing public health problem. IgE-mediated activation of MCs leads to the release of potent mediators that can have dire clinical consequences. Current therapeutic options to inhibit MC activation and degranulation are limited; thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate MC effector functions in allergic inflammation are necessary in order to develop effective treatment options with minimal side effects. Several cytokines have been identified that play multifaceted roles in regulating MC activation, including TGFβ, IL-10, and IL-33, and others that appear to serve primarily anti-inflammatory functions, including IL-35 and IL-37. Here, we review the literature examining cytokines that regulate MC-mediated allergic immune responses.     

Identification and Functional Analysis of Key Autophosphorylation Residues of Arabidopsis Senescence Associated Receptor-like Kinase

Reversible protein phosphorylation mediated by protein kinases and phosphatases plays important roles in the regulation of leaf senescence. We previously reported that the senescence-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase AtSARK autophosphorylates on both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues and functions as a positive regulator of Arabidopsis leaf senescence; the senescence-suppressed protein phosphatase SSPP interacts with and dephosphorylates the cytoplasmic domain of AtSARK, thereby negatively regulating leaf senescence. Here, 27 autophosphorylation residues of AtSARK were revealed by mass spectrometry analysis, and six of them, including two Ser, two Thr, and two Tyr residues, were further found to be important for the biological functions of AtSARK. All site-directed mutations of these six residues that resulted in decreased autophosphorylation level of AtSARK could significantly inhibit AtSARK-induced leaf senescence. In addition, mutations mimicking the dephosphorylation form of Ser384 (S384A) or the phosphorylation form of Tyr413 (Y413E) substantially reduced the interaction between AtSARK and SSPP. All results suggest that autophosphorylation of AtSARK is essential for its functions in promoting leaf senescence. The possible roles of S384 and Y413 residues in fine-tuning the interaction between AtSARK and SSPP are discussed herein.     

温度对调和油品质的影响

以水酶法调和油、溶剂浸提调和油、市售调和油为研究对象,探讨在100、150、200、250、300℃条件下加热1h,各调和油理化指标的变化。结果表明:随着加热温度的升高,3种调和油的色泽加深,酸价、p-茴香胺值明显增加,过氧化值均先上升后下降,三种调和油的饱和脂肪酸含量增加,不饱和脂肪酸含量降低,但在加热温度低于200℃时,水酶法调和油的脂肪酸比例仍能接近中国营养学会推荐的均衡比例0.27∶1∶1。      

一次高完成度的BIM设计实践——三亚财经国际论坛永久会址

三亚财经国际论坛永久会址项目,定位于能够满足最高级别的国内和国际政治、金融会议及会展需求,方案构思新颖,造型独特,具有较高的设计难度和实施难度本文全面、系统地介绍了该项目BIM设计的组织方式与应用情况,从初步设计开始直到后期施工配合,BIM设计在应对这种复杂形体的土建定位、管线综合设计过程中具有不可替代的作用尤其在面对最为复杂的无数理规律的幕墙系统时,BIM使得设计、生产、施工紧密结合,有效进行。同时,BIM设计也对室内净高、绿建相关设计起到了优化作用。最终的建成情况也印证了借助BIM设计这一利器,不仅圆满完成了设计任务,同时也达到了较高的完成度。     

龙眼酒的发酵工艺研究

以龙眼果汁为主要原料进行酒精发酵,在单因素实验基础上,选取初始pH、初始糖度、SO2添加量为影响因素,选取酒精度（20℃）和总香味物质含量为响应值,应用中心组合Box-Behnken实验设计建立数学模型,进行响应面分析。研究结果表明,在初始糖度28.5%,初始pH3.96,SO2添加量58.8mg/L最优条件下,得到最大酒精度（20℃）和总香味物质含量分别为15.17°和2.322g/L,接近于理论预测值为15.28°和2.329g/L,表明用响应面分析法优化得到的工艺参数准确,对工艺设计和生产具有较强的指导价值。      

荜拨体外抗新孢子虫的作用

目的研究荜拨(piperlongumine,PL)体外抗新孢子虫的作用。方法通过细胞毒性试验确定PL对Vero细胞增殖率完全无影响的安全浓度,用安全浓度的PL处理Vero细胞,检测PL对细胞内新孢子虫增殖、细胞感染率以及虫体超微结构的影响。结果处理24和48 h,PL浓度为0. 6和1. 25μg/mL对Vero细胞活力均无影响;PL呈剂量依赖性抑制Vero细胞内新孢子虫增殖,非剂量依赖性降低Vero细胞的感染率,可显著损伤新孢子虫的正常形态结构,使虫体胞质水肿,大量空泡产生,类锥体与棒状体丢失,虫体崩解。结论 PL能显著抑制细胞内新孢子虫的增殖,降低虫体感染Vero细胞的能力,损伤虫体的超微结构,发挥较好的抗新孢子虫作用,在治疗新孢子虫病方面具有潜在的药用价值。     

高校院级仪器共享平台的实践与思考

随着高校各级大型仪器共享平台的建立,如何提高大型仪器的使用效率已经成为许多高校设备管理部门亟待解决的难题。通过分析西安交通大学化工学院共享平台近三年来仪器设备的使用情况和遇到的问题,从完善管理,改革学生助管制度,人才培养等方面对院级平台提出建议。该平台的建设与实践对建立健康可持续的高校院级仪器共享平台提供了思路与参考。     

利用组件式GIS开发砂岩型铀矿综合评价信息系统

组件式GIS具有功能灵活、使用方便等特点,适合于开发地学领域专业GIS应用系统。在铀资源勘查评价过程中,计算机应用系统已成为必不可少的有力工具,而且应具备专业处理、海量数据的管理与存储、空间分析、可视化与制图输出等功能。提出了基于ArcGIS Engine开发砂岩型铀矿铀资源综合评价信息系统的技术路线,利用ArcGIS Engine可以方便快速地实现GIS功能,因此,开发人员能将大部分精力致力于专业功能的开发。开发出的系统运行稳定、功能灵活、具有较强的专业性。