Functional mesoporous poly(ionic liquid)-based copolymer monoliths: From synthesis to catalysis and microporous carbon production

Ionic liquid-functionalized mesoporous polymeric networks with specific surface area up to 935 m²/g have been successfully synthesized one pot by solvothermal copolymerization of divinylbenzene and monomeric ionic liquids. The as-obtained polymers exhibit a monolithic structure featuring large pore volumes, an abundant mesoporosity and an adjustable content of ionic liquids. The effect of the reaction conditions on the pore structure has been studied in detail. These poly(ionic liquid)-based porous networks (PILPNs) have then been employed as precursors in two distinct applications, namely organocatalysis and production of microporous carbon monoliths. Selected organocatalyzed reactions, including carbonatation of propylene oxide by cycloaddition with carbon dioxide, benzoin condensation, and cyanosilylation of benzaldehyde have been readily triggered by PILPNs acting as crosslinked polymer-supported (pre)catalysts. The two latter reactions required the prior deprotonation of the imidazolium salt units with a strong base to successfully generate polymer-supported N-heterocyclic carbenes, referred to as poly(NHC)s. Facile recycling and reuse of polymer-supported (pre)catalysts was achieved by simple filtration owing to the heterogeneous reaction conditions. Furthermore, PILPNs could be easily converted into microporous carbon monoliths via CO₂ activation.     

原油催化裂化高效汽提技术的研究进展

随着生产能力的扩大及加工原油中重质油含量的提高,催化裂化装置汽提段引起了人们的重视.高效汽提技术可以有效降低焦炭产率,减轻再生器负荷,在节能降耗中有着重要的意义.国内外关于汽提设备技术方面专利有许多,多是对传统环形挡板进行了改造,并提出了一些新型汽提设备.汽提工艺参数的优化也是提高汽提效率的重要因素.预汽提和多段汽提技术强化了催化剂和水蒸气之间的接触,提高了汽提效率.     

A complete miniaturized microstructured methanol fuel processor/fuel cell system for low power applications

A complete miniaturized methanol fuel processor/fuel cell system was developed and put into operation as compact hydrogen supplier for low power application. The whole system consisting of a micro-structured evaporator, a micro-structured reformer and two stages of preferential oxidation of CO (PROX) reactor, micro-structured catalytic burner, and fuel cell was operated to evaluate the performance of the whole production line from methanol to electricity. The performance of micro methanol steam reformer and PROX reactor was systematically investigated. The effect of reaction temperature, steam to carbon ratio, and contact time on the methanol steam reformer performance is presented in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, and reformate yield. The performance of PROX reactor fed with the reformate produced by the reformer reactor was evaluated by the variation of reaction temperature and oxygen to CO ratio. The results demonstrate that micro-structured device may be an attractive power source candidate for low power application.     

工程抗震对策中几个问题的探讨

本文论述了我国地震对策的指导思想、工程抗震对策的主要内容及与其它地震对策的关系、新建工程的抗震设防、工程抗震对策中的两方面难题、工程抗震对策的经济效益和社会贡献等问题,并提出了实施工程抗震对策的一些措施和讨论了青岛市的抗震防灾问题。     

核电压力容器SA508-3钢内部裂纹高温焊合实验

裂纹缺陷严重影响大型锻件的合格率及使用寿命。为保证核电大型锻件质量、提高核电压力容器安全性,以加热温度、下压量以及保压时间为参数,采用预置裂纹方式对核电压力容器用钢SA508-3进行内部裂纹高温焊合实验研究。裂纹焊合效果采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析及力学性能实验等进行评价。结果显示,在高温短时间小变形情况下SA508-3材料内部裂纹均能焊合,裂纹焊合最低条件为:加热温度1100℃,变形量10%,保压时间15 s;焊合后试样强度值与基体相似,但塑性值有较大波动;根据扫描电镜及能谱分析确定,试样连接过程中带入的大量夹杂物是材料塑性指标波动较大的主要原因。     

煤直接和间接液化生产燃料油技术

介绍了煤直接和间接液化生产燃料油技术的发展历程及现状，并比较了煤直接和间接液化的优缺点。煤直接液化投资较低，产物主要由环状烃组成；煤间接液化投资较高，产物主要由链状烃组成；两种方法生产的燃料油性质互补，通过调合可以得到满足《世界燃油规范》Ⅱ类以上标准的柴油产品。     

松辽盆地北部深层火山岩储层特征

松辽盆地北部深层的火山岩储层主要分布于徐家围子断陷的火石岭组和营城组,其爆发相和溢流相火山岩储集性能较好,孔隙度一般为6.3%～10.8%,渗透率为0.55×10^-3～122.0×10^-3μm²。火山岩的储集性能主要受构造作用、溶蚀作用及流体活动的影响。松辽盆地火山-断陷期的构造活动致使火山岩产生大量次生裂缝,储集性能提高;淋滤作用主要改造爆发相凝灰质熔岩,使其变得极为疏松,孔隙度提高到15%以上。流体活动对火山岩储集性的改造具有双重作用:一方面新矿物的胶结和充填使得储集性能下降;另一方面,蚀变和溶解作用又可使孔隙度增加。因此,应分期次进行研究。     

费-托合成催化剂CNFT-1的工业试验

费-托合成催化剂CNFT-1的工业试验在4 Mt/a煤制油装置的两个系列费-托合成反应器中分两个阶段进行,第一阶段为逐步替换原有催化剂的工业试验,最终置换率超过了95%,结果表明：催化剂CNFT-1性能满足工业生产要求。第二阶段基于工业替换试验数据,采用浆态床费-托合成反应器模拟软件,对采用100%催化剂CNFT-1运行的工艺条件进行优化,指导工业试验。在最优条件,即新鲜气负荷102.34%、催化剂藏量69.3 t、有效新鲜气空速5112 m³/(h.t)、温度273 ℃、压力2.81 MPa、循环比2.4、脱碳比0.156、新鲜气H₂/CO体积比1.66下,CO总转化率为97.4%,CO₂选择性为18.8%,CH₄选择性为2.0%,有效气耗为5630 m³/t。     

靖边气田地层压力评价方法适用性研究

地层压力是气田开发过程中动态分析必不可少的参数,目前地层压力不仅反映气藏的剩余能量,还体现了气藏的开发效果和开发能力。针对靖边气田特殊的储层性质,分析了几种地层压力评价方法,并优选出计算单井目前地层压力的方法,进而确定区块以至整个气田的地层压力,对未来的开发方向具有一定的指导意义。     

吐哈神泉地区钻井液技术

吐哈神泉地区钻井过程中,由于盐膏层的污染,引起长井段划眼、卡钻、甚至井眼报废等复杂事故。介绍了该地区井不同井段的钻井液配方、维护处理措施及钻井液性能控制范围。现场应用结果表明,该钻井液体系抑制能力、抗盐膏污染能力、携砂能力强,满足了该地区不同井段钻井施工的要求。