Dynamic process location management in 5G

5G, as the next generation of wireless networks, promises very high throughput and low latency to mobile users that calls for a substantial innovation in computing management platforms to attend QoS metrics. Thanks to emerging technologies such as software‐defined networking (SDN)/network function virtualization (NFV), many features are available in 5G design to detect and control two types of latency caused by computation and communication. In this paper, taking features of caching mechanisms and SDN into the account, a platform is proposed to minimize latency in 5G via caching big flows intelligently and avoiding bottlenecks that may cause by virtualized computing components. First, the pioneering idea of compromising between the cloud radio access network (CRAN) and mobile edge computing (MEC)/information‐centric network (ICN) via dynamic processing location management platform is investigated. Accordingly, a mathematical optimization problem to minimize the average latency is formulated. Due to the problem complexity, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to treat the latency via dynamic orchestration of processing functionalities. Through numerical results, the performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed, and the simulations corroborate our analytical results and illustrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm with acceptable optimality gap.     

Improvement of intelligent methods for evaluating the apparent quality of knitted fabrics

In the previous studies, the standard boards of yarn (ASTM) were analyzed using the image analysis method and artificial neural networks; the appearance of different knitted fabrics samples was tested for appearance. There was a strong influence of yarn type and fabrics structure on fabrics apparent quality. In the present research, the artificial neural network (ANN) has been applied to predict the fabric apparent parameters. The optimum structure of ANN has been designed using the genetic algorithm method. The results show that the ANN can be optimized very well by the GA and the designed ANN is very accurate and applicable to predict the apparent parameters.     

Effect of the pigment–polymer interfacial interactions on the mechanical performance of automotive topcoat layers

The study of the effect of interfacial interactions on the mechanical performance of a selected automotive topcoat system has been undertaken. The investigation concerned interactions that arise in acrylic‐melamine/pigment assemblies. The pigments were designed to have different surface treatments. Three types of TiO₂ pigment, one type of C. I. Pigment Green 7, and a chrome oxide pigment were used in this research. Information regarding the surface characteristics of the pigments and also of the polymer was obtained by Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) technique. The pigments, at different particle volume concentrations, were dispersed into the polymeric matrix with the aid of their related additives. The cured coating samples were subjected to tensile stresses. The maximum stress that each sample withstood before breakage was recorded. Two different types of behavior were observed for coating composites that contained one of the pigment forms, at different particle volume concentrations. Finally, the data obtained from the IGC studies were used to support the results obtained from tensile testing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2261–2268, 2006     

Improved performance of Bis-GMA dental composites reinforced with surface-modified PAN nanofibers

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine - Skeletal muscle is an electrically and mechanically active tissue that contains highly oriented, densely packed myofibrils. The tissue has...     

Efficient design and hardware implementation of a secure communication scheme for smart grid

In smart grid, bidirectional communications between the smart meters and control center are subject to several security challenges. Since the smart meters have limited storage space and processing capability, the suggested communication scheme not only must consider the security requirements but also should put the least possible burden on the smart meters' resources. In 2014, an interesting communication scheme has been proposed for the secure consumption reports transmission of the smart meters to the neighbor gateways. In this paper, we first show that this scheme is vulnerable to the smart meter's memory modification, pollution, and denial of service attacks; then, we propose an authenticated communication scheme, which not only is secure against the aforementioned attacks, but also is much more efficient in terms of storage space, communication overhead, and computational complexity. Moreover, our scheme also presents the details of control messages transmission from the neighborhood gateways to the smart meters. Our comparative analysis with several recently published schemes indicates that the proposed scheme is more suitable than the previous ones. More significantly, our realistic implementation on ATmega2560, as a suitable candidate to be used for the smart meters, confirms our claim.     

Preparation of sulfuric acid ([3-(3-silicapropyl)sulfanyl]propyl)ester: A new and recyclable catalyst for the formylation and acetylation of alcohols under heterogeneous conditions

We describe a simple and efficient procedure for the preparation of sulfuric acid ([3-(3-silicapropyl)sulfanyl]propyl)ester (3) by the reaction of 3-(thio(propy-3-yl)silica)-propanol (2) and chlorosulfonic acid in chloroform. 3-(Thio(propy-3-yl)silica)-propanol was prepared by the reaction of 3-mercaptopropylsilica (MPS) with 3-chloropropanol in refluxing toluene. This solid sulfuric acid ([3-(3-silicapropyl)sulfanyl]propyl)ester is employed as a new catalyst for the formylation of alcohols with ethyl formate under mild and heterogeneous conditions at room temperature with good to excellent yields. Also, 3 can catalyze the acetylation of various alcohols by the reaction of alcohols with ethyl acetate under reflux conditions or with acetic anhydride at room temperature.     

A note on integer-valued radial model in DEA

This note shows that the input targets of proposed model by Kuosmanen and Kazemi Matin (2009) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.09.040 and http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2008.11.002) may not be less than the input targets of proposed model by Lozano and Villa (2006) (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2005.02.031).