Effects of enzymatic treatment conditions on dietary fibre content of wheat bran and use of cellulase-treated bran in cookie

A commercial cellulase preparation (Viscozyme Cassava C) was employed to process wheat bran to improve the ratio of insoluble to soluble dietary fibre. The effects of initial moisture content, enzyme dosage, and incubation time on the content of soluble and insoluble fibre during the enzymatic treatment were investigated. The appropriate conditions for the cellulase treatment were initial moisture content of 0.75 g water g⁻¹ dry matter, enzyme dosage of 9 U g⁻¹ dry matter and incubation time of 120 min under which the ratio of insoluble to soluble fibre of wheat bran was lowered by 42%. Untreated and cellulase-treated wheat bran was incorporated into cookies at levels of 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. Cookie with 50% cellulase-treated bran showed 21% lower ratio of insoluble to soluble fibre as well as 14% lower hardness and 13% higher overall acceptability than sample with the same amount of untreated bran.     

Strength and Ductility of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Plates and Steel

Seven concrete beams reinforced internally with varying amounts of steel and externally with precured carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates applied after the concrete had cracked under service loads were tested under four-point bending. Strains measured along the beam depth allowed computation of the beam curvature in the constant moment region. Results show that FRP is very effective for flexural strengthening. As the amount of steel increases, the additional strength provided by the carbon FRP plates decreases. Compared to a beam reinforced heavily with steel only, beams reinforced with both steel and carbon have adequate deformation capacity, in spite of their brittle mode of failure. Clamping or wrapping of the ends of the precured FRP plate enhances the capacity of adhesively bonded FRP anchorage. Design equations for anchorage, allowable stress, ductility, and amount of reinforcement are discussed.     

Effects of local Joule heating during the field assisted sintering of ionic ceramics

Recent investigations regarding the role of applied fields on the grain growth and densification behavior of ionic ceramics are providing strong insights into the efficacy of Field Assisted Sintering Technique (FAST), aka Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Explanations of the observed behaviors, such as grain growth suppression and densification enhancement, are based upon the conjectured presence of a Joule heating driven temperature differential between grain interfaces and grain cores. These differentials were thought to be responsible for providing increased densification rates and lower densification temperatures through grain growth suppression and/or increased local kinetics at the forming necks. In this paper, we analyze the energetic, thermal, and practical details of this process in the context of the commonly accepted stages of sintering.     

Reactions of Acenaphthenequinone and Aceanthrenequinone with Arenes in Superacid

The hydroxyalkylation reactions of aceanthrenequinone (6) and acenapthenequinone (7) with a series of arenes have been studied. In reactions with the Br?nsted superacid CF(3)SO(3)H (triflic acid), the condensation products are formed in good yields (58-99%, 10 examples) with high regioselectivity. Computational studies were also done to examine the structures and energies of mono- and diprotonated species from 6 and 7. The results from the condensation reactions are consistent with the formation of superelectrophilic species involving protosolvation of carboxonium ion intermediates.     

Holographic antenna realised using interference patterns determined in presence of dielectric substrate

The influence of the substrate, and the use of a realistic primary wavefront, on the interference pattern utilised in the synthesis of a planar holographic is examined. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of these effects improves the antenna directivity.     

Aging is associated with a decrease in synaptosomal glutamate uptake and an increase in the susceptibility of synaptosomal vitamin E to oxidative stress

We report a case of epithelioid leiomyosarcoma that developed on the nose of a 55-year-old Korean male over a one year period. The lesion was a pea sized, firm, erythematous, painless nodule with erosion in the center. Histologic examination revealed short spindled cells with blunt-ended nuclei and pleomorphic round to oval epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm that were perivascular and densely packed in the dermis. Immunostaining for desmin was negative, although stains for vimentin and smooth muscle actin were both strongly positive.     

贫民窟的希望之光

胡志明市是一个拥有700万人口的城市。根据预测,这一数字由于当今城市化的快速发展将继续上涨。大城市人口的快速增长导致了信房需求的增加。这一状况引起了贫民窟和非正式居住区的形成。穷人们为了更多收入和节约交通费而占据了危险的地区（河流和运河）居住。这一现象造成了贫富分化的场景,与城市的＂现代＂和＂文明＂背道而驰。本项目从理性角度出发,力求重现西贡河两岸的文明。这不仅为了保持灵魂,也创造了一个支持社区活跃化和积极化的系统。     

Detecting nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity by the Wigner function and quantum teleportation in photon-added-and-subtracted two modes pair coherent state

Journal of Computational Electronics - We introduce a new state called photon-added-and-subtracted two modes pair coherent state (PAASTMPCS) by simultaneously adding and subtracting photons to the...