Characterising Mechanical Properties of Braided and Woven Textile Composite Beams

The focus of this paper is on the manufacture of textile composite beams and on the determination of their mechanical properties. This includes investigating the effects of fibre orientation on the mechanical properties of braided and woven textile composites. Composites were manufactured from nominally identical constituents and identical consolidation processes, leaving as the only variables, variations caused by the different fibre architecture of the preform. The repeatability and, hence, reliability of this approach is demonstrated. Results obtained show that fibre architecture affects composite strength and extensibility. Composites with woven preforms are practically linear up to catastrophic failure while composites with braided preforms exhibit non-linearity prior to failure. Also the mechanical properties of the textile composite beams were determined. Results show that by tailoring the braid angle and pick density of braided and woven composite performs, the mechanical properties of the composite beams can be controlled to suit end-use requirement.     

Prevalence of helminth parasites found on vegetables sold in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria

Background

For a healthy diet, people have been encouraged to eat lots of raw (fresh) vegetables and these can serve as vehicles of transmitting enteric parasitic pathogens throughout the process of planting to consumption. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of helminth parasites found on vegetables sold in Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria.

Methods

A total of 1130 samples of fresh salad vegetables obtained from retail markets were examined for helminth eggs and larvae by using standard methods.

Results

Out of the 300 lettuce, 250 cabbage, 200 garden egg, 150 carrot, 130 cucumber and 100 green-peppers samples examined, eggs of Ascaris spp., hookworm, Trichuris spp., Taenia/Echinococcus spp., and Strongyloides stercoralis were detected in 0.5%, 1.2%, 0.5%, 0.5%, and 0.6% respectively of all samples. The lettuce, cabbage, garden-egg, carrot, and cucumber samples were 8.2%, 2.0%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.3% contaminated with helminth parasites respectively with an overall prevalence of 3.5%. No helminth parasites were detected in green-peppers. Vegetables from the Gamboru Market were contaminated with helminth parasites more than the other markets (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Proper washing of vegetables is imperative for a healthy diet as the results of this study showed the presence of helminth parasites from raw vegetables used as salads in Nigeria.