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排序方式: 共有1303条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Marta Veningerová Viktor Prachar Ján Uhnák Jana Kovaiová 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1994,199(4):317-321
A method has been developed for the isolation, separation and determination of chlorinated phenols in total diet. The isolation takes place following acid hydrolysis of the conjugates and is performed by simultaneous extraction and distillation with water vapour and toluene. The isolated chlorophenols are removed by clean-up on a Florisil column using a mixture of 15% dichloromethane in toluene for elution. The separation and determination is carried out by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The recovery of the method ranged between 70.1±5 and 96.8±4.9% for the individual chlorophenols. The determination limits were 0.5 to 1.0 g·kg–1. The method was applied in a study aimed at estimating the chlorophenol burden in two population groups (children up to the age of 6 years and students up to the age of 18 years). In two succesive years, 80 total diet samples were analysed. Average contents of the individual chlorophenols were from 0.7 to 33.5 g·kg–1 and were higher for the dichlorophenol isomers. The calculated average daily intake ranged from 0.04 to 1.69 g·kg–1 body weight for the individual phenols.
Polychlorierte Phenole im Gesamtverzehr
Zusammenfassung Das hier beschriebene Verfahren dient zur Isolierung, Trennung und Bestimmung von chlorierten Phenolen im Gesamtverzehr. Dieser wurde sauer hydrolysiert, die Phenole wurden durch eine simultane Wasserdampfdestillation und ein Extraktionsverfahren mit Toluol isoliert. Beim anschließenden Derivatisierungsverfahren mit Pentafluorobenzylbromid entstanden auch Störungssubstanzen, sie wurden mittels Säulenchromatographie an Florisil abgetrennt. Die chromatographische Trennung und Bestimmung erfolgte unter Anwendung der Kapillargaschromatographie mit ECD. Die Wiederfindungsrate variierte zwischen 70.1±5 und 96.8±4.9% bei Nachweisgrenzen von 0.5 bis 1.0 g·kg–1. Das Verfahren wurde zur Ermittlung der Exposition bei Kindern bis zu 6 Jahren und Jungen bis zu 18 Jahren verwendet. Im Laufe von 2 Jahren wurden 80 Proben des Gesamtverzehrs aus Kindereinrichtungen analysiert. Der Durchschnittsinhalt schwankte von 0.7 bis 33.5 g·kg–1 mit Überwiegen von Dichlorophenolen. Die aus den bekannten Inhalten ermittelte Tagesaufnahme variiert zwischen 0.04 und 1.69 g·kg–1 Körpermasse und Tag.相似文献
22.
Dovletgeldi Seyitliyev Xixi Qin Manoj K. Jana Svenja M. Janke Xiaowei Zhong Wei You David B. Mitzi Volker Blum Kenan Gundogdu 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(21):2213021
Electron–phonon interactions play an essential role in charge transport and transfer processes in semiconductors. For most structures, tailoring electron–phonon interactions for specific functionality remains elusive. Here, it is shown that, in hybrid perovskites, coherent phonon modes can be used to manipulate charge transfer. In the 2D double perovskite, (AE2T)2AgBiI8 (AE2T: 5,5“-diylbis(amino-ethyl)-(2,2”-(2)thiophene)), the valence band maximum derived from the [Ag0.5Bi0.5I4]2– framework lies in close proximity to the AE2T-derived HOMO level, thereby forming a type-II heterostructure. During transient absorption spectroscopy, pulsed excitation creates sustained coherent phonon modes, which periodically modulate the associated electronic levels. Thus, the energy offset at the organic–inorganic interface also oscillates periodically, providing a unique opportunity for modulation of interfacial charge transfer. Density-functional theory corroborates the mechanism and identifies specific phonon modes as likely drivers of the coherent charge transfer. These observations are a striking example of how electron–phonon interactions can be used to manipulate fundamentally important charge and energy transfer processes in hybrid perovskites. 相似文献
23.
Juskanič Dominik Mištinová Jana Poláková Hollý Samuel Sekerešová Monika Koleják Kamil Pátrovič Lukáš 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》2022,35(1):45-52
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - Oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is pooled in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant glioma cells. Detecting 2HG by MR... 相似文献
24.
We propose methodology for estimation of sparse precision matrices and statistical inference for their low-dimensional parameters in a high-dimensional setting where the number of parameters p can be much larger than the sample size. We show that the novel estimator achieves minimax rates in supremum norm and the low-dimensional components of the estimator have a Gaussian limiting distribution. These results hold uniformly over the class of precision matrices with row sparsity of small order \(\sqrt{n}/\log p\) and spectrum uniformly bounded, under a sub-Gaussian tail assumption on the margins of the true underlying distribution. Consequently, our results lead to uniformly valid confidence regions for low-dimensional parameters of the precision matrix. Thresholding the estimator leads to variable selection without imposing irrepresentability conditions. The performance of the method is demonstrated in a simulation study and on real data. 相似文献
25.
Soumen Jana Sheeny K. Lan Levengood Miqin Zhang 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2016,28(48):10588-10612
Repair of damaged skeletal‐muscle tissue is limited by the regenerative capacity of the native tissue. Current clinical approaches are not optimal for the treatment of large volumetric skeletal‐muscle loss. As an alternative, tissue engineering represents a promising approach for the functional restoration of damaged muscle tissue. A typical tissue‐engineering process involves the design and fabrication of a scaffold that closely mimics the native skeletal‐muscle extracellular matrix (ECM), allowing organization of cells into a physiologically relevant 3D architecture. In particular, anisotropic materials that mimic the morphology of the native skeletal‐muscle ECM, can be fabricated using various biocompatible materials to guide cell alignment, elongation, proliferation, and differentiation into myotubes. Here, an overview of fundamental concepts associated with muscle‐tissue engineering and the current status of muscle‐tissue‐engineering approaches is provided. Recent advances in the development of anisotropic scaffolds with micro‐ or nanoscale features are reviewed, and how scaffold topographical, mechanical, and biochemical cues correlate to observed cellular function and phenotype development is examined. Finally, some recent developments in both the design and utility of anisotropic materials in skeletal‐muscle‐tissue engineering are highlighted, along with their potential impact on future research and clinical applications. 相似文献
26.
Urban environments possess many regularities which can be efficiently exploited for 3D dense reconstruction from multiple
widely separated views. We present an approach utilizing properties of piecewise planarity and restricted number of plane
orientations to suppress reconstruction and matching ambiguities causing failures of standard dense stereo methods. We formulate
the problem of the 3D reconstruction in MRF framework built on an image pre-segmented into superpixels. Using this representation,
we propose novel photometric and superpixel boundary consistency terms explicitly derived from superpixels and show that they
overcome many difficulties of standard pixel-based formulations and handle favorably problematic scenarios containing many
repetitive structures and no or low textured regions. We demonstrate our approach on several wide-baseline scenes demonstrating
superior performance compared to previously proposed methods. 相似文献
27.
The refined process structure tree 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
28.
Towards capacity and profit optimization of video-on-demand services in a peer-assisted IPTV platform 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yih-Farn Chen Yennun Huang Rittwik Jana Hongbo Jiang Michael Rabinovich Jeremy Rahe Bin Wei Zhen Xiao 《Multimedia Systems》2009,15(1):19-32
This paper studies the conditions under which peer-to-peer (P2P) technology may be beneficial in providing IPTV services over
typical network architectures. It has three major contributions. First, we contrast two network models used to study the performance
of such a system: a commonly used logical “Internet as a cloud” model and a “physical” model that reflects the characteristics
of the underlying network. Specifically, we show that the cloud model overlooks important architectural aspects of the network
and may drastically overstate the benefits of P2P technology. Second, we propose an algorithm called Zebra that pre-stripes
content across multiple peers during idle hours to speed up P2P content delivery in an IPTV environment with limited upload
bandwidth. We also perform simulations to measure Zebra’s effectiveness at reducing load on the content server during peak
hours. Third, we provide a cost-benefit analysis of P2P video content delivery, focusing on the profit trade-offs for different
pricing/incentive models rather than purely on capacity maximization. In particular, we find that under high volume of video
demand, a P2P built-in incentive model performs better than any other model, while the conventional no-P2P model generates
more profits when the request rate is low. The flat-reward model generally falls in between the usage-based model and the
built-in model in terms of profitability except for low request rates. We also find that built-in and flat-reward models are
more profitable than the usage-based model for a wide range of subscriber community sizes.
Funding for J. Rahe’s research has been provided by AT&T Labs, the State of California under the MICR Oprogram, and by the
Toshiba Corporation.
Zhen Xiao is partially supported by China MOST project (2006BAH02A10). 相似文献
29.
Rausova Z Chrenova J Nuutila P Iozzo P Dedik L 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2012,107(2):347-356
New mathematical models from physiologically interpreted parameters capable of evaluating glucose metabolism within the liver and/or the whole body were developed. The group of pigs in a fasting state and the group of pigs with euglycemic supraphysiological hyperinsulinemia were scanned by positron emission tomography after a single dose of [(18)F]FDG tracer. Simultaneously frequent sampling of the dynamic data of [(18)F]FDG plasma concentration in artery, portal vein and hepatic vein was obtained. A system approach to the liver and/or the whole-body system by the tools of linear dynamic sysztem theory was used. Three kinds of structural models, single input and single output or multiple outputs and multiple inputs and single output, were identified. Differences between the group of fasting pigs and the group of pigs in euglycemic supraphysiological hyperinsulinemia were identified by estimated parameters of the structural models. The suitability of the structural mathematical models for the estimation of physiologically interpreted parameters from PET was validated. 相似文献
30.
Thomas C. Alex Kesri M. Godiwalla Shailendra Kumar Renajit K. Jana A. S. Rao Manjit Singh 《国际钢铁研究》2006,77(3):147-151
Most of the extraction processes developed for the polymetallic sea nodules concentrated mainly on the recovery of strategically important metals viz. Cu, Ni and Co. The residue generated in such processes is quite high enough to upset the environmental balance for industrial scale operation. The economics of the process too cannot be favourable if manganese in the residue is not recovered. In this study an attempt has been made to utilize this residue, containing appreciable amount of manganese (about 20%) for producing ferrosilicomanganese, an important ferroalloy primarily used for deoxidation in the steel industry, through smelting process. In order to have an alloy of standard grade, the residue is enriched in its manganese content, by blending it with ferromanganese slag. Bench scale studies indicate that it is possible to produce ferrosilicomanganese, of the grade required by the steel industry, by reduction smelting of the sea nodule residue with ferromanganese slag. Metal recovery, however, was less because of metal entrapment. 相似文献