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11.
Larissa Canilha Walter Carvalho Marco Giulietti Maria Das Graças Almeida Felipe João Batista Almeida E Silva 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(5):715-721
BACKGROUND: Xylitol bioproduction from lignocellulosic residues comprises hydrolysis of the hemicellulose, detoxification of the hydrolysate, bioconversion of the xylose, and recovery of xylitol from the fermented hydrolysate. There are relatively few reports on xylitol recovery from fermented media. In the present study, ion‐exchange resins were used to clarify a fermented wheat straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate, which was then vacuum‐concentrated and submitted to cooling in the presence of ethanol for xylitol crystallization. RESULTS: Sequential adsorption into two anion‐exchange resins (A‐860S and A‐500PS) promoted considerable reductions in the content of soluble by‐products (up to 97.5%) and in medium coloration (99.5%). Vacuum concentration led to a dark‐colored viscous solution that inhibited xylitol crystallization. This inhibition could be overcome by mixing the concentrated medium with a commercial xylitol solution. Such a strategy led to xylitol crystals with up to 95.9% purity. The crystallization yield (43.5%) was close to that observed when using commercial xylitol solution (51.4%). CONCLUSION: The experimental data demonstrate the feasibility of using ion‐exchange resins followed by cooling in the presence of ethanol as a strategy to promote the fast recovery and purification of xylitol from hemicellulose‐derived fermentation media. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
12.
The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto natural rubber (NR) was carried out varying the concentration of monomer, initiator, thiourea, and silver nitrate over a wide range. The grafting reaction was temperature-dependent. From the Arrhenius plot, the overall energy of activation was computed. A suitable reaction scheme and rate expression for the rate of polymerization was suggested. 相似文献
13.
The aim of the present paper is to review the recent progress in the synthesis of in situ particle reinforced aluminum composites
using thermal, mechanical and combined mechanical-thermal activation of aluminothermic reduction reactions. The combination
of combustion synthesis (CS) and mechanosynthesis (MS) is the most recent development in the processing of advanced materials
like micro and nano aluminum based composites. The combined mechanical thermal synthesis (MTS) has widened the possibilities
for both CS and MS. MTS holds great potential for commercial viability and offers exciting processing route for the synthesis
of advanced materials. Enhanced reaction kinetics and extended concentration limits in MTS are demonstrated by illustrating
the synthesis of aluminum based nanocomposite involving Al–CeO2. 相似文献
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15.
Sirisha Nerella Debendra K. Das Godwin A. Chukwu Abhijit Y. Dandekar Santanu Khataniar Shirish L. Patil 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2003,21(7):1275-1294
Gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology involves the conversion of natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons. In this article, theoretical studies have been presented to determine the feasibility of transporting GTL products through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). To successfully transport GTL through TAPS, heat loss along the route must be carefully determined. This study presents heat transfer and fluid dynamic calculations to evaluate this feasibility. Because of heat loss, the fluid temperature decreases in the direction of flow and this affects the fluid properties, which in turn influence convection coefficient and pumping power requirements. The temperature and heat loss distribution along the pipeline at different locations have been calculated. Fairly good agreement with measured oil temperatures is observed. The powers required to pump crude oil and GTL individually, against various losses have been calculated. Two GTL transportation modes have been considered; one as a pure stream of GTL and the second as a commingled mixture with crude oil. These results show that the pumping power and heat loss for GTL are less than that of the crude oil for the same volumetric flow rate. Therefore, GTL can be transported through TAPS using existing equipment at pump stations. 相似文献
16.
Finite sample properties of estimators of spatial autoregressive models with autoregressive disturbances 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The article investigates the finite sample properties of estimators for spatial autoregressive models where the disturbance
terms may follow a spatial autoregressive process. In particular we investigate the finite sample behavior of the feasible
generalized spatial two-stage least squares (FGS2SLS) estimator introduced by Kelejian and Prucha (1998), the maximum likelihood
(ML) estimator, as well as that of several other estimators. We find that the FGS2SLS estimator is virtually as efficient
as the ML estimator. This is important because the ML estimator is computationally burdensome, and may even be forbidding
in large samples, while the FGS2SLS estimator remains computationally feasible in large samples.
Received: 20 January 2001 / Accepted: 31 August 2001 相似文献
17.
Perceptual Temporal Quality Metric for Compressed Video 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kai-Chieh Yang Guest C.C. El-Maleh K. Das P.K. 《Multimedia, IEEE Transactions on》2007,9(7):1528-1535
This paper presents a metric to quantify frame loss according to the impact on perceived temporal quality. This metric particularly aims at measuring the temporal quality degradation caused by both regular and irregular frame loss. Experimental results with subjective viewing demonstrate high performance on prediction of perceptual temporal quality. 相似文献
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