Direct laser writing techniques are suitable for the high precision-patterning of 2D and 3D micro/nanostructures, featuring a variety of geometries and materials. Here, we demonstrated the use of laser-induced forward transfer with fs-pulses (fs-LIFT) to selectively transfer graphene oxide and poly(p-phenylene vinylene) patterns onto polymeric microstructures, fabricated by two-photon polymerization. The influence of different fs-LIFT experimental parameters on the width and height of the printed patterns was investigated. Upon optimum fs-LIFT parameters, we achieved homogeneous printed areas of both materials onto specific regions of the microstructures. Raman spectroscopy confirmed that fs-LIFT does not change the donor material upon transfer. Overall, this work demonstrates a promising strategy with precise printing capabilities, thus opening new opportunities for the development of photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Time-resolved grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and cryo-microscopy were used for the first time to understand the pore evolution by copolymer assembly, leading to the formation of isoporous membranes with exceptional porosity and regularity. The formation of copolymer micelle strings in solution (in DMF/DOX/THF and DMF/DOX) was confirmed by cryo field emission scanning electron microscopy (cryo-FESEM) with a distance of 72 nm between centers of micelles placed in different strings. SAXS measurement of block copolymer solutions in DMF/DOX indicated hexagonal assembly with micelle-to-micelle distance of 84–87 nm for 14–20 wt% copolymer solutions. GISAXS in-plane peaks were detected, revealing order close to hexagonal. The d-spacing corresponding to the first peak in this case was 100–130 nm (lattice constant 115–150 nm) for 17 wt% copolymer solutions evaporating up to 100 s. Time-resolved cryo-FESEM showed the formation of incipient pores on the film surface after 4 s copolymer solution casting with distances between void centers of 125 nm. 相似文献
To predict the response of polyethylene thin films subjected to stress for a long time, it is necessary to understand the influence of stress on either the relaxation modulus or creep compliance. Extensive testing has been conducted on 20-micron-thick samples of a particular linear low-density polyethylene film at temperatures from 23°C to −50°C. When reduced to creep compliance and compared with results from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the influence of nonlinearities in the response function is apparent. However, the use of a two-step loading procedure has produced sufficient data to discriminate between the effect of stress on amplitude and time on the creep compliance. It has been found that a master curve of compliance generated by DMA equipment may be used in conjunction with certain nonlinear functions to accurately predict the response of the polyethylene. Perhaps of more importance is the observation that the principles of simple time-temperature superposition, commonly used with linear viscoelastic characterization, are insufficient for use with polyethylene films at most stress levels of interest. 相似文献
Rice husk, an agricultural waste, is abundantly available in many countries such as China, India, Brazil, US, and South East Asia. Despite the massive production of rice husk, it is mainly disposed to landfill. In this work, utilization of rice husk for a potential waste-water treatment is evaluated, along with subsequent encapsulation of the adsorbed heavy metals (Pb and Cd) inside a porous glass-ceramic. Vitrified bottom ash (another source of waste) was mixed with foaming agents in dif- ferent weight ratios (40:60, 50:50, and 60:40) to prepare a glass matrix for encapsulation of Pb-/Cd-loaded rice husk. It was shown that using 40 wt% vitrified bottom ash with 60 wt% foaming agents leads to a foam glass with the best pore size distribution. Therefore, this batch was further mixed with 70 volume% (5 wt%) heavy metal-loaded rice husk and was heat-treated at 750°C for 3 hours. The final glass-ceramic porous structure was char acterized using SEM, XRD, compression test, and it was shown that it is safe to be used as it passes the EN12457-2 leaching test. 相似文献
The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of physical training in the maintenance of muscle strength in rats with HFD (high-fat diet) after OVX (ovariectomy). Eighty Wistar rats are at eight weeks of age and weight 200 g which divided into 8 groups (n = 10) and treated for 12 weeks: GA: OVX + ND (normal diet), GB: OVX + ND + training, GC: sham + ND, GD: sham + ND + training, GE: OVX + HFD, GF: OVX + HFD + training, GG: sham + HFD and GH: sham + HFD + training. HFD consists of standard ration for rats with addition of 30% lipids. In training groups, physical training five training/week was conducted on a treadmill with adaptation period of three weeks up to 18 m/s for one hour, training were performed for 12 weeks. The sedentary animals remained in individual box. To analyze the effects of training and diet, tensile strength tests of the gastrocnemius muscles were conducted: the speed of 0.1 mm/min. Analysis of variance was performed to compare groups. The mean (SD) obtained for the maximum load (N) were: GA 57.77 (6.89), GB 62.74 (5.07), GC 49.45 (6.06), GD 59.42 (5.26) and GE 55.58 (4.72), GF 62.50 (4.56), GG 58.35 (4.54) and GH 56.67 (5.87), respectively. There were no differences for maximum load between surgeries (p = 0.004) and between treatments (p = 0.000). Differences were found also for the relationship surgery diet treatment (p = 0.007). For the variable stiffness (N/mm), there were not statistically significant differences: GA 5.03 (0.72), GB 5.08 (1.09), GC 5.17 (0.53), GD 5.35 (0.80), GE 5.52 (1.20), GF 5.36 (1.07), GG 4.83 (1.03) and GH 5.40 (0.73). For the toughness (N/mm), there were differences between treatments (p = 0.010) and the ratio diet treatment (p = 0.024): GA 455.00 (107.21), GB 541.96 (126.80), GC 394.97 (84.67), GD 566.90 (157.07); GE 424.63 (113.03), GF 478.07 (106.03); GG 517.44 (98.65? 相似文献