桥梁结构参数化设计研究

参数化设计是基于桥梁结构设计内在联系与约束关系进行三维正向设计的一种方法,该方法可有效提高结构的调整与优化效率。在方案初步设计阶段,参数化设计理念可用于桥梁结构合理性、经济性及美观性的优化,满足现阶段桥梁造型多样化发展的社会需求;在施工图设计阶段通过调整自变量参数,可灵活地进行桥梁结构细部构造调整,并与二维设计图进行自动交互,大幅提升设计效率及质量。本文基于“R+GH”参数化平台,提出桥梁结构参数化设计流程,并通过工程案例的应用进一步验证该设计思想的实用性和高效性。     

The Latest Evidence of Erythropoietin in the Treatment of Glaucoma

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a circulating hormone conventionally considered to be responsible for erythropoiesis. In addition to facilitating red blood cell production, EPO has pluripotent potential, such as for cognition improvement, neurogenesis, and anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects. In human retinal tissues, EPO receptors (EPORs) are expressed in the photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium, and retinal ganglion cell layer. Studies have suggested its potential therapeutic effects in many neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma. In this review, we discuss the correlation between glaucoma and EPO, physiology and potential neuroprotective function of the EPO/EPOR system, and latest evidence for the treatment of glaucoma with EPO.     

Anp32a Promotes Neuronal Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury of Zebrafish Embryos

After spinal cord injury (SCI) in mammals, neuronal regeneration is limited; in contrast, such regeneration occurs quickly in zebrafish. Member A of the acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 (ANP32a) family is involved in neuronal development, but its function is controversial, and its involvement in zebrafish SCI remains unknown. To determine the role of zebrafish ANP32a in the neuronal regeneration of SCI embryos, we microinjected ANP32a mRNA into embryos from zebrafish transgenic line Tg(mnx1:GFP) prior to SCI. Compared to control SCI embryos, the results showed that the regeneration of spinal cord and resumption of swimming capability were promoted by the overexpression of ANP32a mRNA but reduced by its knockdown. We next combined fluorescence-activated cell sorting with immunochemical staining of anti-GFAP and immunofluorescence staining against anti-PH3 on Tg(gfap:GFP) SCI embryos. The results showed that ANP32a promoted the proliferation and cell number of radial glial cells at the injury epicenter at 24 h post-injury (hpi). Moreover, when we applied BrdU labeling to SCI embryos derived from crossing the Tg(gfap:GFP) and Tg(mnx1:TagRFP) lines, we found that both radial glial cells and motor neurons had proliferated, along with their increased cell numbers in Anp32a-overexpression SCI-embryos. On this basis, we conclude that ANP32a plays a positive role in the regeneration of zebrafish SCI embryos.     

Expression Patterns and Gonadotropin Regulation of the TGF-β II Receptor (Bmpr2) during Ovarian Development in the Ricefield Eel Monopterus albus

Bmpr2 plays a central role in the regulation of reproductive development in mammals, but its role during ovarian development in fish is still unclear. To ascertain the function of bmpr2 in ovarian development in the ricefield eel, we isolated and characterized the bmpr2 cDNA sequence; the localization of Bmpr2 protein was determined by immunohistochemical staining; and the expression patterns of bmpr2 in ovarian tissue incubated with FSH and hCG in vitro were analyzed. The full-length bmpr2 cDNA was 3311 bp, with 1061 amino acids encoded. Compared to other tissues, bmpr2 was abundantly expressed in the ovary and highly expressed in the early yolk accumulation (EV) stages of the ovary. In addition, a positive signal for Bmpr2 was detected in the cytoplasm of oocytes in primary growth (PG) and EV stages. In vitro, the expression level of gdf9, the ligand of bmpr2, in the 10 ng/mL FSH treatment group was significantly higher after incubation for 4 h than after incubation for different durations. However, bmpr2 expression in the 10 ng/mL FSH treatment group at 2 h, 4 h and 10 h was significantly lower. Importantly, the expression level of bmpr2 and gdf9 in the 100 IU/mL hCG group had similar changes that were significantly decreased at 4 h and 10 h. In summary, Bmpr2 might play a pivotal role in ovarian growth in the ricefield eel, and these results provide a better understanding of the function of bmpr2 in ovarian development and the basic data for further exploration of the regulatory mechanism of gdf9 in oocyte development.     

Circ_0011129 Encapsulated by the Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Stem Cells Ameliorate Skin Photoaging

Photoaging is not only the main cause of skin aging caused by exogenous factors, it is also related to a variety of skin diseases and even malignant tumors. Excessive and repeated exposure to ultraviolet radiation, especially UVA induces oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and collagen and elastin degeneration, ultimately leads to skin photoaging, manifested by skin redness, coarse wrinkles, and pigmentation even skin cancer. There has been a large demand of effective prevention and medications but approaches in the current management of photoaging are very limited. In the previous study, we found that a non-coding circular RNA circ_0011129 acts as a miR-6732-5p adsorption sponge to inhibit the reduction of type I collagen and the denaturation and accumulation of elastin in UVA-induced HDF cells photoaging model. However, in vivo instability and efficient delivery to the target cell of circRNA is a major challenge for its clinical application. Therefore, improving its stability and delivery efficiency are desired. In this study, we proposed a strategy of delivering circ_0011129 with small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) to intervene in the photoaging process. The results showed that sEVs from hADSCs in 3D bioreactor culture (3D-sEVs) can prevent photoaging. Consequently, by overexpressing circ_0011129 in hADSCs, we successfully loaded it into 3D-sEVs (3D-circ-sEVs) and its protective effect was better. Our studies provide a novel approach to preventing skin photoaging, which has important clinical significance and application value for the development of non-coding RNA drugs to treat skin photoaging. We first screened out hADSCs-derived sEVs with excellent anti-oxidant effects. We then compared the sEVs collected from traditional 2D culture with 3D bioreactor culture. By miRNA-seq and GEO data analysis, we found that miRNAs in 3D-sEVs were enriched in cell activities related to apoptosis, cellular senescence, and inflammation. Subsequently, we prepared circ_0011129-loaded 3D-sEVs (3D-circ-sEVs) by overexpressing it in hADSCs for the treatment of photoaging in vitro. We proved that 3D-circ-sEVs can interfere with the process of cell photoaging and protect cells from UVA radiation damage, as well as in a H2O2-induced oxidative stress model.     

Engineering Bio-Adhesives Based on Protein–Polysaccharide Phase Separation

Glue-type bio-adhesives are in high demand for many applications, including hemostasis, wound closure, and integration of bioelectronic devices, due to their injectable ability and in situ adhesion. However, most glue-type bio-adhesives cannot be used for short-term tissue adhesion due to their weak instant cohesion. Here, we show a novel glue-type bio-adhesive based on the phase separation of proteins and polysaccharides by functionalizing polysaccharides with dopa. The bio-adhesive exhibits increased adhesion performance and enhanced phase separation behaviors. Because of the cohesion from phase separation and adhesion from dopa, the bio-adhesive shows excellent instant and long-term adhesion performance for both organic and inorganic substrates. The long-term adhesion strength of the bio-glue on wet tissues reached 1.48 MPa (shear strength), while the interfacial toughness reached ~880 J m⁻². Due to the unique phase separation behaviors, the bio-glue can even work normally in aqueous environments. At last, the feasibility of this glue-type bio-adhesive in the adhesion of various visceral tissues in vitro was demonstrated to have excellent biocompatibility. Given the convenience of application, biocompatibility, and robust bio-adhesion, we anticipate the bio-glue may find broad biomedical and clinical applications.     

Cyt-C Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway Plays an Important Role in Oocyte Apoptosis in Ricefield Eel (Monopterus albus)

Apoptosis plays a key role in the effective removal of excessive and defective germ cells, which is essential for sequential hermaphroditism and sex change in vertebrates. The ricefield eel, Monopterus albus is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish that undergoes a sequential sex change from female to male. Previous studies have demonstrated that apoptosis is involved in sex change in M. albus. However, the apoptotic signaling pathway is unclear. In the current study, we explored the underlying mechanism of apoptosis during gonadal development and focused on the role of the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in sex change in M. albus. Flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptosis in gonads at five sexual stages and ovary tissues exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in vitro. Then the expression patterns of key genes and proteins in the mitochondrial pathway, death receptor pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway were examined. The results showed that the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in the early intersexual stage and then decreased with the natural sex change from female to male. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that bax, tnfr1, and calpain were mainly expressed in the five stages. ELISA demonstrated that the relative content of cytochrome-c (cyt-c) in the mitochondrial pathway was significantly higher than that of caspase8 and caspase12, with a peak in the early intersexual stage, while the levels of caspase8 and caspase12 peaked in the late intersexual stage. Interestingly, the Pearson’s coefficient between cyt-c and the apoptosis rate was 0.705, which suggests that these factors are closely related during the gonadal development of M. albus. Furthermore, the cyt-c signal was found to be increased in the intersexual stage by immunohistochemistry. After incubation with H₂O₂, the mRNA expression of mitochondrial pathway molecules such as bax, apaf-1, and caspase3 increased in ovary tissues. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway may play a more important role than the other apoptotic pathways in sex change in M. albus.     

Early-Awareness Collision Avoidance in Optimal Multi-Agent Path Planning With Temporal Logic Specifications

<正>Dear Editor, This letter investigates a multi-agent path planning problem in a road network with the requirement of avoiding collisions among all agents in the partitioned environment. We first abstract the agents to a set of transition systems, and construct a team transition system from these individual systems. A mechanism is designed for the team transition system to detect all collisions within the synthesized run.     

硬质合金热处理和钴粘结相的转变温度

本工作证实WC-Co系硬质合金通过热处理可以提高其抗弯强度。所增加的抗弯强度决定于合金中钴的含量,钴含量越高的合金,其抗弯强度的增加重也就越多。主要是由于淬火热处理抑制了高温稳定的面心立方钴相转变成密排六方钴相。
本实验还采用差热分析仪测定了WC-Co系合金在加热过程中,密排六方钴相转变成面心立方钴相的相变温度。发现其相变温度随合金中钴含量的增加而升高,如YG8是742℃,YG15是770℃,YG20是821℃,这是由于高钴合金的粘结相在升温过程中有较高的钨含量。
本实验中还发现,烧结后低钴硬质合金要高于高钴硬质合金的粘结相中的钨含量,因为低钴硬质合金的烧结温度通常是高于高钴硬质合金,一般说来烧结温度越高,则粘结相中的钨含量也就越高,但当烧结态硬质合金再一次加热时,其钴结相中的钨含量要增加。所以淬火后高钴硬质合金的粘结相中的钨含量甚至比低钴硬质合金的粘结相中的还要高,这就是为什么钴粘结相由密度六方转变成面心立方的温度随硬质合金中钴含量的增加而提高。     

氩气雾化Rene'95合金粉末颗粒二次枝晶间距的研究

本文利用光学显微镜定量金相法测量了氩气雾化Rene’95粉末高温合金粉末颗粒的平均二次枝晶间距,应用牛顿冷却定律得出粉末颗粒的冷却速度,并计算了粉末颗粒完全凝固所需要的时间。在此基础上推导出了Rene’95合金粉末颗粒的二次枝晶间距、颗粒直径以及冷却速度和凝固速度、凝固时间之间的关系。d=0.242D^0.489,d=10.9V^0.488,d=2.47（de/dt）^-0.492,d=39.28tk^0.245。研究结果表明:氩气雾化Rene'95合金粉末颗粒凝固时,满足一般铸造合金时的关系式,即d=av^-n,d=btⁿ,n基本上在1/3～1/2之间。