An Efficient Cobalt Phosphide Electrocatalyst Derived from Cobalt Phosphonate Complex for All‐pH Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Solution

The development of low‐cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts via an eco‐friendly synthetic method is of great significance for future renewable energy storage and conversion systems. Herein, cobalt phosphides confined in porous P‐doped carbon materials (Co‐P@PC) are fabricated by calcinating the cobalt‐phosphonate complex formed between 1‐hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid and Co(NO₃)₂ in alkaline solution. The P‐containing ligand in the complex acts as the carbon source as well as in situ phosphorizing agent for the formation of cobalt phosphides and doping P element into carbon material upon calcination. The Co‐P@PC exhibits high activity for all‐pH hydrogen evolution reaction (overpotentials of 72, 85, and 76 mV in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions at the current density of 10 mA cm^?2) and oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline solution (an overpotential of 280 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm^?2). The alkaline electrolyzer assembled from the Co‐P@PC electrodes delivers the current density of 10 mA cm^?2 at the voltage of 1.60 V with a durability of 60 h. The excellent activity and long‐term stability of the Co‐P@PC derives from the synergistic effect between the active cobalt phosphides and the porous P‐doped carbon matrix.     

Fast hydrological model calibration based on the heterogeneous parallel computing accelerated shuffled complex evolution method

Hydrological model calibration has been a hot issue for decades. The shuffled complex evolution method developed at the University of Arizona (SCE-UA) has been proved to be an effective and robust optimization approach. However, its computational efficiency deteriorates significantly when the amount of hydrometeorological data increases. In recent years, the rise of heterogeneous parallel computing has brought hope for the acceleration of hydrological model calibration. This study proposed a parallel SCE-UA method and applied it to the calibration of a watershed rainfall–runoff model, the Xinanjiang model. The parallel method was implemented on heterogeneous computing systems using OpenMP and CUDA. Performance testing and sensitivity analysis were carried out to verify its correctness and efficiency. Comparison results indicated that heterogeneous parallel computing-accelerated SCE-UA converged much more quickly than the original serial version and possessed satisfactory accuracy and stability for the task of fast hydrological model calibration.     

Profiling users by online shopping behaviors

Online shopping has been prevalent in our daily life. Profiling users and understanding their browsing behaviors are critical for enhancing shopping experience and maximizing sales revenue. In this paper, based on a one-month dataset recording 2 million users’ 67 million online shopping and browsing logs, we seek to understand how users browse and shop products, and how distinct these behaviors are. We find that there exist dedicate groups of users that prefer certain product categories corresponding to similar demands. Moreover, distinct differences of behaviors exist in categories, where repetitive and targeted browsing are two major prevalent patterns.     

Wearable Sensors-Enabled Human–Machine Interaction Systems: From Design to Application

In comparison to traditional bulky and rigid electronic devices, the human–machine interaction (HMI) system with flexible and wearable components is an inevitable future trend. To achieve effective, intuitive, and seamless manipulation of high-performance wearable HMI systems, it is important to develop effective strategies for designing material microstructures on flexible sensors and electric devices with excellent mechanical flexibility and stretchability. The real-time acquisition of human physiology and surrounding signals through accurate and flexible sensors is the basis of wearable HMIs. Herein, the construction of a wearable HMI system that utilizes sensors, communication modes, and actuators is reviewed. The mechanisms and strategies for designing various flexible sensors based on different mechanisms are analyzed and discussed. The functional mechanism, material selection, and novel design strategies of each part are summarized in detail. The different communication modes in interactive systems and the manufacturing technology of soft machines are also introduced. Additionally, the most advanced applications of wearable HMI systems in intelligent identification and security, interactive controls for robots, augmented reality, and virtual reality have been highlighted. The review concludes with an overview of the remaining key challenges and several ideas regarding the further improvement of wearable HMI systems.     

Near-Infrared Light Triggered Self-Powered Mechano-Optical Communication System using Wearable Photodetector Textile

The merging of humans and machines depends on the contact sensor medium used. However, this contact interaction inevitably leads to mechanical loss. Photodetectors are cutting-edge tools in optical communication that use controlled lighting to achieve efficient signal conversion to drive mechano–optical communication systems and provide an innovative interface for the Internet of Things services. Here, a self-powered, non-contact mechano–optical communication system based on a wearable Te@TeSe photodetector textile is presented, which encodes near-infrared light to modulate robotic manipulator actions. The wearable Te@TeSe photodetector textile enhanced the photocurrent and responsivity by 400 times compared to a pristine Te nanowire (NW) array. The type II heterojunction of Te@TeSe NWs is proved by first-principles calculations and simulated, providing insights on photogenic carrier transmission in Te@TeSe NWs. This system shows the possibility of duplicate real-time execution of mechanical gestures in virtual environments and paves the way for advanced optical devices applied to information transmission and mechano–optical communication.     

Service‐oriented 5G network architecture: an end‐to‐end software defining approach

With the ever‐increasing mobile demands and proliferation of mobile services, mobile Internet has penetrated into every aspect of human life. Although the 4G mobile communication system is now being deployed worldwide, simply evolving or incrementally improving the current mobile networks can no longer keep the pace with the proliferation of mobile services. Against this background, aiming to achieve service‐oriented 5G mobile networks, this article proposes an end‐to‐end software defining architecture, which introduces a logically centralized control plane and dramatically simplifies the data‐plane. The control plane decomposes the diversified mobile service requirements and, correspondingly, controls the functions and behaviors of data‐plane devices. Consequently, the network directly orients towards services, and the devices are dynamically operated according to the service requirements. Therefore, the proposed architecture efficiently guarantees the end‐to‐end QoS and quality of experience. The challenges and key technologies of our architecture are also discussed in this article. Real traces‐based simulations validate the performance advantages of proposed architecture, including energy efficiency and the whole performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prolog访问FoxBASE数据库文件的方法

人工智能和数据库的结合是计算机技术发展的必然结果,而数据库和逻辑推理机结合的关键是逻辑推理机与传统数据库间的接口。设计了一组Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ 访问ＦｏｘＢＡＳＥ数据库文件的工具谓词,具有普遍适用性。依据提出的思路和方法,很容易地实现其它逻辑推理机和数据库间的接口。     

海藻多糖与有机物料对烟草青枯病的防控效果

为探究海藻多糖与其他有机物料混合使用对烟草青枯病的防控效果,以烤烟品种NC102为试验材料进行田间试验,设置不同用量海藻多糖与微生物菌肥、草木灰、贝壳粉、生物炭等有机物料的组合处理,分析了不同处理对烟草农艺性状和经济性状、土壤理化性质、烤后烟叶化学成分的影响,以及土壤理化性质与烟草青枯病发病率和病情指数的相关性。结果表明,与对照相比,海藻多糖与有机物料的施用普遍促进了团棵期和旺长期的烟株生长发育,提高了土壤pH和有机质含量,降低了烟草青枯病的发病率和病情指数;烤后烟叶经济性状和主要化学成分也有不同程度的提升。Pearson相关性分析表明,土壤有机质含量和pH与青枯病发病率和病情指数之间存在极显著的负相关关系。500倍海藻多糖稀释液在50~100 mL/株的范围内,用量越高,效果越好;组合处理中草木灰+海藻多糖75 mL/株处理效果最好。通过增加海藻多糖和有机物料,调节土壤pH或增加土壤有机质含量有助于控制青枯病的发生。     

葡萄酒真伪鉴别技术研究进展

葡萄酒行业的年份酒、产地酒概念炒作等情况很多,不仅损害消费者的利益,而且对整个葡萄酒行业的健康发展起阻滞作用,因此,研究葡萄酒真伪鉴别技术显得尤为重要。该文主要综述香气成分分析、同位素比值分析、代谢产物的分析、微量元素的分析等技术在年份酒、产地酒的真伪鉴别方面的应用,为推动我国葡萄酒质量检测技术的进步奠定基础。     

连铸坯生产压印滚筒的锻造生产

通过对工艺流程的改进和工艺参数的控制,借助球形镦粗板,利用上平砧下平台,经两次镦粗拔长,完成了用连铸坯生产压印滚筒的工艺研发。