Effect of Controlled Cooling After Hot Rolling on Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled TRIP Steel

A three-step cooling pattern on the runout table（ROT）was conducted for the hot rolled TRIP steel.Microstructural evolution during thermomechanical controlled processing（TMCP）was investigated.Processing condition of controlled cooling on a ROT in the laboratory rolling mill was discussed.The results indicated that the microstructure containing polygonal ferrite,granular bainite and a significant amount of the stable retained austenite can be obtained through three-step cooling on the ROT after hot rolling.TMCP led to ferrite grain refinement.Controlled cooling after hot rolling resulted in the stability of the remaining austenite and a satisfactory TRIP effect.Excellent mechanical properties were obtained through TMCP for the hot rolled TRIP steel.     

Molecular Effects of Chronic Exposure to Palmitate in Intestinal Organoids: A New Model to Study Obesity and Diabetes

Intestinal cell dysfunctions involved in obesity and associated diabetes could be correlated with impaired intestinal cell development. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying these dysfunctions have been poorly investigated because of the lack of a good model for studying obesity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lipotoxicity on intestinal cell differentiation in small intestinal organoid platforms, which are used to analyze the regulation of cell differentiation. Mouse intestinal organoids were grown in the presence/absence of high palmitate concentrations (0.5 mM) for 48 h to simulate lipotoxicity. Palmitate treatment altered the expression of markers involved in the differentiation of enterocytes and goblet cells in the early (Hes1) and late (Muc2) phases of their development, respectively, and it modified enterocytes and goblet cell numbers. Furthermore, the expression of enteroendocrine cell progenitors (Ngn3) and I cells (CCK) markers was also impaired, as well as CCK-positive cell numbers and CCK secretion. Our data indicate, for the first time, that lipotoxicity simultaneously influences the differentiation of specific intestinal cell types in the gut: enterocytes, goblet cells and CCK cells. Through this study, we identified novel targets associated with molecular mechanisms affected by lipotoxicity that could be important for obesity and diabetes therapy.     

江苏油田三种典型钻具组合复合井导向力计算分析

结合江苏油田导向钻井技术现场试验中采用的三种典型的滑动导向钻具组合,在计算复合钻井导向力的基础上,探讨了两个主要因素对复合钻井导向力的影响规律,理论计算结果与现场试验结果基本吻合,通过设计钻具组合的结构和施工参数,可以提高井眼轨迹控制精度。     

3次加密挂环井井口计量准确度研究

3次加密井在投产过程中,对地面集输工艺流程进行了大力简化。简化流程后,井口计量存在的一个主要问题是软件量油的准确度。为此结合现场应用情况,对挂环井的计量问题进行分析、探讨,提出了挂环井的计量解决方案。     

改进自适应中值滤波的图像去噪

传统自适应中值滤波的最大最小窗口尺寸固定,并且其最大最小窗口相差较大时,运算时间较长,去噪效果并小一定最佳。本文针对传统自适应中值滤波算法的不足,提出了改进自适应中值滤波算法,首先根据椒盐噪声的分布特点,从单幅含椒盐噪声图像中估算出椒盐噪声的浓度,并分析噪声浓度与自适应中值滤波窗口尺寸之间的关系,建立它们之间的函数关系一其次根据噪声浓度确定自适应中值滤波的最大最小窗口尺寸,最后对图像进行自适应中值滤波：实验结果表明本文算法运算时间随着噪声浓度的变化而变化,而且从PSNR角度来看本文去噪效果比传统自适应中值滤波效果较好。     

The Potentiality of Plant-Derived Nanovesicles in Human Health—A Comparison with Human Exosomes and Artificial Nanoparticles

Research in science and medicine is witnessing a massive increases in literature concerning extracellular vesicles (EVs). From a morphological point of view, EVs include extracellular vesicles of a micro and nano sizes. However, this simplistic classification does not consider both the source of EVs, including the cells and the species from which Evs are obtained, and the microenvironmental condition during EV production. These two factors are of crucial importance for the potential use of Evs as therapeutic agents. In fact, the choice of the most suitable Evs for drug delivery remains an open debate, inasmuch as the use of Evs of human origin may have at least two major problems: (i) autologous Evs from a patient may deliver dangerous molecules; and (ii) the production of EVs is also limited to cell factory conditions for large-scale industrial use. Recent literature, while limited to only a few papers, when compared to the papers on the use of human EVs, suggests that plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNV) may represent a valuable tool for extensive use in health care.     

Fibrosis of Peritoneal Membrane as Target of New Therapies in Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an efficient renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. Even if it ensures an outcome equivalent to hemodialysis and a better quality of life, in the long-term, PD is associated with the development of peritoneal fibrosis and the consequents patient morbidity and PD technique failure. This unfavorable effect is mostly due to the bio-incompatibility of PD solution (mainly based on high glucose concentration). In the present review, we described the mechanisms and the signaling pathway that governs peritoneal fibrosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells, and angiogenesis. Lastly, we summarize the present and future strategies for developing more biocompatible PD solutions.     

Challenges in Metabolomics-Based Tests,Biomarkers Revealed by Metabolomic Analysis,and the Promise of the Application of Metabolomics in Precision Medicine

Metabolomics helps identify metabolites to characterize/refine perturbations of biological pathways in living organisms. Pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical limitations that have hampered a wide implementation of metabolomics have been addressed. Several potential biomarkers originating from current targeted metabolomics-based approaches have been discovered. Precision medicine argues for algorithms to classify individuals based on susceptibility to disease, and/or by response to specific treatments. It also argues for a prevention-based health system. Because of its ability to explore gene–environment interactions, metabolomics is expected to be critical to personalize diagnosis and treatment. Stringent guidelines have been applied from the very beginning to design studies to acquire the information currently employed in precision medicine and precision prevention approaches. Large, prospective, expensive and time-consuming studies are now mandatory to validate old, and discover new, metabolomics-based biomarkers with high chances of translation into precision medicine. Metabolites from studies on saliva, sweat, breath, semen, feces, amniotic, cerebrospinal, and broncho-alveolar fluid are predicted to be needed to refine information from plasma and serum metabolome. In addition, a multi-omics data analysis system is predicted to be needed for omics-based precision medicine approaches. Omics-based approaches for the progress of precision medicine and prevention are expected to raise ethical issues.     

Machine learning powered ellipsometry

Ellipsometry is a powerful method for determining both the optical constants and thickness of thin films. For decades, solutions to ill-posed inverse ellipsomet...     

Chelating Polymers for Targeted Decontamination of Actinides: Application of PEI-MP to Hydroxyapatite-Th(IV)

In case of an incident in the nuclear industry or an act of war or terrorism, the dissemination of plutonium could contaminate the environment and, hence, humans. Human contamination mainly occurs via inhalation and/or wounding (and, less likely, ingestion). In such cases, plutonium, if soluble, reaches circulation, whereas the poorly soluble fraction (such as small colloids) is trapped in alveolar macrophages or remains at the site of wounding. Once in the blood, the plutonium is delivered to the liver and/or to the bone, particularly into its mineral part, mostly composed of hydroxyapatite. Countermeasures against plutonium exist and consist of intravenous injections or inhalation of diethylenetetraminepentaacetate salts. Their effectiveness is, however, mainly confined to the circulating soluble forms of plutonium. Furthermore, the short bioavailability of diethylenetetraminepentaacetate results in its rapid elimination. To overcome these limitations and to provide a complementary approach to this common therapy, we developed polymeric analogs to indirectly target the problematic retention sites. We present herein a first study regarding the decontamination abilities of polyethyleneimine methylcarboxylate (structural diethylenetetraminepentaacetate polymer analog) and polyethyleneimine methylphosphonate (phosphonate polymeric analog) directed against Th(IV), used here as a Pu(IV) surrogate, which was incorporated into hydroxyapatite used as a bone model. Our results suggest that polyethylenimine methylphosphonate could be a good candidate for powerful bone decontamination action.