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101.
The effect of crude oil n-paraffin molecular weight distribution on wax crystallization risk was studied. Sixteen highly paraffinic crude oils from Eastern Venezuela were characterized, in terms of hydrocarbon family distribution, by High Temperature Simulate Distillation (HTSD), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), and wax content. n-Paraffin chain length was correlated with crude oil cloud point and pour point. It was demonstrated that high molecular weight linear paraffins are responsible for crude oil wax precipitation. A quantitative correlation between molecular weight distribution and crude oil flowing properties was also obtained. It was found that the wider the molecular weight distribution, the lower is the wax crystallization risk. Blends of different paraffinic crude oils were prepared and their flowing properties were evaluated in comparison with the original crudes. Cloud points below the mean value were obtained. In some cases, a synergistic effect was observed (cloud points below the minimum of the two crude oils). Blends of some of these crudes with condensates afforded improvements on crude oil flow and a reduction of wax crystallization tendency (cloud point). This phenomenon can be attributed to a combination of two factors: I. increases in C24-n-paraffins, and II. a wider molecular weight distribution. 相似文献
102.
V. Ocelík V. Z. Bengus E. B. Korolkova K. Csach J. Miškuf P. Duhaj 《Journal of Materials Science》1991,26(24):6699-6705
The fracture stress and the critical stress intensity factor of the Fe40Ni40B20 amorphous metallic ribbons 20 μm thick were measured in the temperature range 4.2–300 K and at deformation rates from 3.3×10−6 to 1.25×10−3 m−1 with the aim to obtain more information on the condition for the onset and development of the inhomogeneous plastic deformation
and fracture. 相似文献
103.
In this paper, a new approach for powder cold compaction simulations is presented. A density-dependent plastic model within
the framework of finite strain multiplicative hyperelastoplasticity is used to describe the highly nonlinear material behaviour;
the Coulomb dry friction model is used to capture friction effects at die-powder contact; and an Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian
(ALE) formulation is used to avoid the (usual) excessive distortion of Lagrangian meshes caused by large mass fluxes. Several
representative examples, involving structured and unstructured meshes are simulated. The results obtained agree with the experimental
data and other numerical results reported in the literature. It is shown that, contrary to other Lagrangian and adaptive h-remeshing approaches recently reported for this type of problems, the present approach verifies the mass conservation principle
with very low relative errors (less than 1% in all ALE examples and exactly in the pure Lagrangian examples). Moreover, thanks
to the use of an ALE formulation and in contrast with other simulations, the presented density distributions do not present
spurious oscillations.
Received: 20 March 2002 / Accepted: 15 October 2002
The partial financial support of the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (grant number DPI 2001-2204) is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
104.
Jefferson Fabrício Cardoso Lins Hugo Ricardo Z. Sandim Hans-Jürgen Kestenbach 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(16):6572-6577
The present paper reports the experimental results on the microstructural and textural characterization of a hot-rolled IF
steel. The IF steel was hot-rolled in multiple passes in the austenitic field (1,070 °C) followed by air-cooling. SEM, TEM,
and LOM were used to image the microstructure of the material. The global texture was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD)
technique. The mesotexture of selected regions was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Results show the
presence of a diffuse (nearly random) and weak texture in the hot-band that consists of recrystallized polygonal grains and
subgrains. The fraction of boundaries with misorientations comprised in the interval 2° ≤ ψ < 15° was found to be lower than
5%. It can be concluded that these low angle boundaries and the presence of subgrains can be associated to the existence of
a few areas softened by recovery during or after hot rolling in austenitic field. 相似文献
105.
Summary The cationic polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline using CH3I as initiator at different monomer/initiator ratios, temperatures, solvents and times of polymerization was carried out. The effect of these variables on the polymerization yield and viscosity of the polymers was studied. The poly(N-propionyl)iminoethylene was hydrolyzed in acid medium obtaining a linear poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). All the polymers were characterized by elemental analysis, IR,1H NMR, and13C NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献
106.
C Dotres Martínez 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,47(3):150-153
The authors report one case of multiple bilateral hydatid cyst of kidney associated to brain and spleen localizations, after intra cardiac rupture. They point out the rarity of the bilateral kidney localization of hydatidosis, explain the dissemination mode, and stress the role of computed tomography for the pre-operative diagnosis. The treatment is above all surgical and adapted to each case. The post-operative results are satisfying. Complementary medical treatment could be useful. 相似文献
107.
María J. Carreira Majid Mirmehdi Barry T. Thomas Marta Penas 《Image and vision computing》2002,20(13-14)
Directional features extracted from Gabor wavelets responses were used to train a structure of self-organising maps, thus classifying each pixel in the image within a neuron-map. Resulting directional primitives were grouped into perceptual primitives introducing an extended 4D Hough transform to group pixels with similar directional features. These can then be used as perceptual primitives to detect salient structures. The proposed method has independently fixed parameters that do not need to be tuned for different kind or quality of images. We present results in application to noisy FLIR images and show that line primitives for complex structures, such as bridges, or simple structures, such as runways, can be found by this approach. We compare and demonstrate the quality of our results with those obtained through a parameter-dependent traditional Canny edge detector and Hough line finding process. 相似文献
108.
Nerea Burgos María Paulis M. Mirari Antxustegi Mario Montes 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2002,38(4):251-258
Pt impregnated metallic monoliths prepared from anodised aluminium foils were tested to study their catalytic activity in complete oxidation of volatile organic compound (VOC) mixtures. The VOCs oxidised were 2-propanol, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone and their mixtures. Complete oxidation was obtained in all cases except for the case of 2-propanol, where acetone was found as an oxidation intermediate. Even if the adsorption of the VOC on the Al2O3 is governed by its polarity, the reactivity is mainly affected by the competition of the oxygen atoms chemisorbed on the Pt particles. 相似文献
109.
Francisco Jos Alguacil Concepcin Caravaca María Isabel Martín 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2003,78(10):1048-1053
The transport of chromium(VI) through a flat‐sheet supported liquid membrane containing Cyanex 921 as a carrier has been investigated. The permeation of the metal is investigated as a function of various experimental variables: hydrodynamic conditions, concentration of chromium(VI) and HCl in the feed phase, carrier concentration and diluent in the membrane and strippant concentration in the stripping phase. The mass transfer coefficient and the thickness of the aqueous boundary layer were calculated from the experimental data. Furthermore, the selectivity of Cyanex 921‐based flat‐sheet supported liquid membrane towards different metal ions and the behaviour of the system against other carriers are presented. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
110.
J Sánchez A Torres J Serrano J Román C Martín L Pérula F Martínez P Gómez 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,20(5):403-408
BACKGROUND: Locally advanced thyroid cancer invading the tracheal cartilage represents a difficult treatment dilemma during thyroidectomy. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed to determine the results of laryngotracheal resection or tracheal cartilage shave with adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced thyroid cancer invading the upper airway. RESULTS: Of 597 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer, 40 were found to have laryngotracheal invasion. Thirty-five patients with superficial invasion underwent cartilage shave procedures with adjuvant radiotherapy; five with full-thickness invasion underwent radical resection, including tracheal sleeve resection (n = 3) or total laryngectomy (n = 2). Histologic subtypes included papillary (n = 32), follicular (n = 2), Hurthle cell (n = 1), medullary (n = 3), and anaplastic (n = 2). Of the cartilage shave group, 25 are currently alive with no evidence of disease at a mean follow-up of 81 months (range 1-290). Six developed isolated local/regional recurrence and were managed with total laryngectomy (n = 1), tracheal resection (n = 1), cervical lymphadenectomy (n = 1), or repeat radiotherapy (n = 3). All six patients remain free of disease at a mean follow-up of 5 years. Of those who underwent initial laryngotracheal resection, four remain free of disease at a mean follow-up of 5 years. The rates of 10-year disease-free survival and overall survival for all patients were 47.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.8, 71.0) and 83.9% (95% CI 70.3, 97.5), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that adequate management of thyroid cancer with laryngotracheal invasion can be achieved with a more conservative surgical approach and adjuvant radiotherapy, reserving more radical resections for extensive primary lesions or locally recurrent disease. 相似文献