Hierarchical feature selection based on relative dependency for gear fault diagnosis

Feature selection is an important aspect under study in machine learning based diagnosis, that aims to remove irrelevant features for reaching good performance in the diagnostic systems. The behaviour of diagnostic models could be sensitive with regard to the amount of features, and significant features can represent the problem better than the entire set. Consequently, algorithms to identify these features are valuable contributions. This work deals with the feature selection problem through attribute clustering. The proposed algorithm is inspired by existing approaches, where the relative dependency between attributes is used to calculate dissimilarity values. The centroids of the created clusters are selected as representative attributes. The selection algorithm uses a random process for proposing centroid candidates, in this way, the inherent exploration in random search is included. A hierarchical procedure is proposed for implementing this algorithm. In each level of the hierarchy, the entire set of available attributes is split in disjoint sets and the selection process is applied on each subset. Once the significant attributes are proposed for each subset, a new set of available attributes is created and the selection process runs again in the next level. The hierarchical implementation aims to refine the search space in each level on a reduced set of selected attributes, while the computational time-consumption is improved also. The approach is tested with real data collected from a test bed, results show that the diagnosis precision by using a Random Forest based classifier is over 98 % with only 12 % of the attributes from the available set.     

uBench: exposing the impact of CUDA block geometry in terms of performance

The choice of thread-block size and shape is one of the most important user decisions when a parallel problem is written for any CUDA architecture. The reason is that thread-block geometry has a significant impact on the global performance of the program. Unfortunately, the programmer has not enough information about the subtle interactions between this choice of parameters and the underlying hardware. This paper presents uBench, a complete suite of micro-benchmarks, in order to explore the impact on performance of (1) the thread-block geometry choice criteria, and (2) the GPU hardware resources and configurations. Each micro-benchmark has been designed to be as simple as possible to focus on a single effect derived from the hardware and thread-block parameter choice. As an example of the capabilities of this benchmark suite, this paper shows an experimental evaluation and comparison of Fermi and Kepler architectures. Our study reveals that, in spite of the new hardware details introduced by Kepler, the principles underlying the block geometry selection criteria are similar for both architectures.     

A parallel evolutionary algorithm for technical market indicators optimization

This paper deals with the optimization of parameters of technical indicators for stock market investment. Price prediction is a problem of great complexity and, usually, some technical indicators are used to predict market trends. The main difficulty in using technical indicators lies in deciding a set of parameter values. We proposed the use of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) to obtain the best parameter values belonging to a collection of indicators that will help in the buying and selling of shares. The experimental results indicate that our MOEA offers a solution to the problem by obtaining results that improve those obtained through technical indicators with standard parameters. In order to reduce execution time is necessary to parallelize the executions. Parallelization results show that distributing the workload of indicators in multiple processors to improve performance is recommended. This parallelization has been performed taking advantage of the idle time in a corporate technology infrastructure. We have configured a small parallel grid using the students Labs of a Computer Science University College.     

Optimal hydro scheduling and offering strategies considering price uncertainty and risk management

Hydro energy represents a priority in the energy policy of Portugal, with the aim of decreasing the dependence on fossil fuels. In this context, optimal hydro scheduling acquires added significance in moving towards a sustainable environment. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming approach is considered to enable optimal hydro scheduling for the short-term time horizon, including the effect of head on power production, start-up costs related to the units, multiple regions of operation, and constraints on discharge variation. As new contributions to the field, market uncertainty is introduced in the model via price scenarios and risk management is included using Conditional Value-at-Risk to limit profit volatility. Moreover, plant scheduling and pool offering by the hydro power producer are simultaneously considered to solve a realistic cascaded hydro system.     

Novel ferrofluids coated with a renewable material obtained from cashew nut shell liquid

In this work, we present the synthesis and characterization of a new surfactant molecule obtained from a byproduct of the cashew nut processing (diphosphorylated cardol, DPC). It is herein used to overcoat magnetic nanoparticles showing spinel structures in order to create new ferrofluids. The nanoparticle structure and magnetic properties have been deeply investigated. DPC-functionalized Fe₃O₄ and NiFe₂O₄ samples exhibit higher magnetic saturation than DPC–CoFe₂O₄. These new ferrofluids reveal appealing as possible nanoparticle stabilizing molecules, magnetic resonance imaging agents, storage systems or in any material science field that requires the employment of biocompatible magnetic stable fluids.     

Texture Prediction in Intact Green Asparagus by Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy,Assaying Linear and Non-linear Regression Strategies

Texture-related parameters were assessed in intact green asparagus at harvest and during postharvest storage using near-infrared spectroscopy combined with MPLS and LOCAL algorithms. Three spectrophotometers were evaluated for this purpose: a monochromator (range, 400–2,500 nm), a diode-array Vis–NIR spectrophotometer (range, 400–1,700 nm), and a handheld micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) spectrophotometer (range, 1,600–2,400 nm). Three hundred green asparagus spears (cv. “Grande”) were used to obtain calibration models based on reference data and NIR data. Results for maximum shear force showed that LOCAL algorithm improved the predictive capacity of models constructed using all three NIRS instruments, increasing r ² by 24, 16, and 56 % and reducing the SEP(c) values by 11, 8, and 14 %, respectively. For cutting energy, the LOCAL also improved the predictive capacity of the models (r ² increased by 3 % for the monochromator and the diode-array instrument and by 6 % for the MEMS device; and the SEP(c) decreased by 3 % in the three instruments). It is worth noting that while the monochromator and diode-array instruments displayed similar predictive capacity for the parameters tested, the MEMS instrument achieved slightly poorer results but has clear advantages for the measurement of texture in intact asparagus, being economical, portable, and easy to use in situ.     

Computational and mathematical models meet heterogeneous computing

The Journal of Supercomputing -     

Numerical simulation and experimental validation of a multi-step deep drawing process

This paper presents the numerical simulation of an industrial multi-step deep drawing process. A large strain finite element formulation including a hyperelastic elastoplastic constitutive model and a contact-friction law is used to this end where the steel sheet material parameters considered in the analysis are previously derived through a characterization procedure of its mechanical response. The numerical predictions of the final shape and thickness distribution of the blank are compared and discussed with available experimental values measured at the end of three successive drawing steps. In addition, a plastic work-based damage index is used to assess failure occurrence during the process. The damage values computed at the end of the drawing process are found to be lower than that corresponding to rupture in the tensile test, considered here as the threshold of failure, confirming, as observed experimentally, that neither fracture nor necking is developed in the blank during the whole drawing process. Finally, the possibility to carry out a reduced two-step drawing process, obtained by merging the second and third steps of the three-step process, is precluded since the damage criterion predicts in this case excessively large values that indicate that failure may occur in specific zones of the sheet.