Die Auswertung von Großzugversuchen an schweißbaren Baustählen unterschiedlicher Festigkeit nach einem Energiekonzept unter Berücksichtigung des stabilen Rißwachstums

Großzugversuche. Versuche mit Hillproben. Werkstoffe: RSt 37-2, St 52-3, 22 NiMoCr 37, StE 47, StE 70. Kraft-Verlängerungs-Diagramme. J-Integral in Abhängigkeit von der Verlängerung. J-Werte bei gerade erreichtem vollplastischen Zustand J_gy und bei Beginn des stabilen Rißwachstums J_i. Einfluß der Fließgrenze. Kritische J-Werte in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur. Einfluß der Kerbschärfe: Kerbe und Risse; erstmaliges Auftreten des stabilen Anrisses; duktiler Bruch. Zusammenhang zwischen bleibender Verschiebung der Kerbflanken bis zum Bruch bei T_s und Hauptformänderung bis zum Bruch bei der Hillprobe. Korrelation zwischen der Bruchspannung der Hillprobe und der größten Hauptnormalspannung im Kerbgrund bei Beginn des stabilen Rißwachstums. Zusammenhang zwischen der Hauptformänderung bis zum Bruch bei der Hillprobe und dem J-Wert bei Beginn des stabilen Rißwachstums.     

Development of a class-specific ELISA for sulfonylurea herbicides (sulfuron screen)

The development of a direct competitive ELISA for the detection of a broad range of sulfonylurea herbicides (SUs) is described. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in rabbits using three different immunizing haptens. Antiserum with the broadest specificity was obtained with a mesosulfuronbenzylamine derivative which was coupled via a succinic acid spacer to keyhole limpet hemocyanine. A heterologous enzyme tracer which did not contain the succinic acid bridge was prepared using activated horseradish peroxidase. The direct competitive ELISA was optimized and applied for spiked tap and surface water samples. From 30 SUs, 8 compounds showed a molar cross-reactivity (CR) higher than 100% (this value was set for the hapten) and 11 compounds CRs between 10% and 100%. The ELISA can detect 16 SUs at a concentration of 0.1 microg/L or lower. Different surface and tap water samples were spiked with chlorimuron ethyl, metsulfuron methyl, or primisulfuron methyl at concentrations of 100, 200, or 500 ng/L and subsequently analyzed by both ELISA and HPLC-UV. Correlation analysis revealed good agreement between both methods (r2 = 0.983/0.948/0.982; n = 21 for each analyte). Using ELISA, no sample pretreatment other than filtration was necessary.     

Zyklisches Kriechen des Vergütungsstahles 42 CrMo4 unter mittelspannungs-behafteter Zug-Druck-Wechselbeanspruchung bei Raumtemperatur

Kraftkontrollierte Zug-Druck-Wechselversuche an vergütetem Stahl 42 CrMo4. Ermittlung von Wechselverformungs- und Mitteldehnungskurven bei unterschiedlichen Kombinationen von Mittelspannung und Spannungsamplitude unter Raumtemperaturbedingungen. Konsequenzen für übliche Dauerfestigkeitsschaubilder.     

Estimation of Quantum Channels with Finite Resources

We examine the problem of determining the parameters that describe a quantum channel. It is assumed that the users of the channel have at best only partial knowledge of it and make use of a finite amount of resources to estimate it. We discuss simple protocols for the estimation of the parameters of several classes of channels that are studied in the current literature. A quantitative measures of the quality of the estimation schemes can be given on the basis of the standard deviation or of the fidelity. Protocols that employ entangled particles are also discussed. The use of entangled particles as a nonclassical resource enhances the estimation quality of some classes of quantum channel. Further, the methods presented here can be extended to higher dimensional quantum systems. PACS: 03.67.Hk     

An integrated 8-12 GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer in SiGe BiCMOS for satellite communications

We present an integrated fractional-N low-noise frequency synthesizer for satellite applications. By using two integrated VCOs and combining digital and analog tuning techniques, a PLL lock range from 8 to 12 GHz is achieved. Due to a small VCO fine tuning gain and optimized charge pump output biasing, the phase noise is low and almost constant over the tuning range. All 16 sub-bands show a tuning range above 900 MHz each, allowing temperature compensation without sub-band switching. This makes the synthesizer robust against variations of the device parameters with process, supply voltage, temperature and aging. The measured phase noise is ?87 dBc/Hz and ?106 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and 1 MHz offset, respectively. In integer-N mode, phase noise values down to ?98 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and ?111 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, respectively, were measured.     

The SPL1 tRNA splicing gene of Candida maltosa and Candida albicans

The tRNA splicing gene SPL1-1 has been cloned and sequenced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Kolman and Soll, 1993). Sequence adjacent to the LEU2 gene in Candida maltosa showed some homology to the SPL1-1 gene of S. cerevisiae. This work describes the sequencing of the SPL1 tRNA splicing genes from C. maltosa and C. albicans and the analysis of these genes. Comparison of these sequences and the relationship observed between the LEU2 and SPL1 genes in these yeasts suggests that there may be some synteny amongst various species of yeasts. The coding region of the C. maltosa SPL1 region described in this work differs from previously described partial sequences in that it is a complete uninterrupted open reading frame. Two strains of C. maltosa were each shown to contain different alleles, one uninterrupted open reading frame and one disrupted open reading frame. The sequences have been deposited in the GenBank/EMBL data libraries under Accession Numbers X72940, AF000115, AF000116, AF000117, AF000118, AF000119 and AF000120. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Higher order modes on usual waveguides

In the following paper some different kinds of microwave guides will be inspected under main aspect of higher order modes. The knowledge of these modes is important for field matching problems at discontinuities and for suppressing propagation of higher order modes by geometrical variations. In some cases it is sufficient to know their principal behaviour. They will be calculated in paper by the often used orthogonal expansion. This method allows to determine all kinds of waves: propagating, damping and complex waves. The following guides are inspected:

1. rectangular waveguides,
2. circular waveguides,
3. L-shaped waveguides,
4. double ridged rectangular waveguides,
5. unilateral finlines with one slot,
6. unilateral finlines with two slots,
7. shielded microstrip lines,
8. circular image guides,
9. rectangular waveguides with dielectric slab,
10. H-guides.