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71.
In a previous paper, a surface impedance formalism was given. Its application to interfaces modelling between homogeneous and frequency dependent media, was of great interest in the finite difference timedomain (fdtd) codes. In this paper, an extension of the method to dispersive media is presented. Applying this formalism to lossless Debye medium, the analytical expressions of the time- domain surface impedances are given. The implementation in a fdtd code permits then a numerical verification of the results in relation to the Fresnel method. 相似文献
72.
Rigorous comparison of parabolically tapered and conventional multimode-interference-based 3-dB power splitters in InGaAsP/InP waveguides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Design issues such as optical transmission, interference mechanisms, the splitting ratio, the polarization dependence, and the fabrication tolerances of a compact parabolically tapered multimode-interference (MMI)-based 3-dB power splitter on an InP-based deeply etched ridge waveguide, by use of the finite-element-based beam-propagation method, are presented. The benefits and drawbacks of the use of the tapered structure, in comparison with an untapered MMI-based 3-dB splitter, have also been investigated. 相似文献
73.
The pulse radiolysis technique has been employed in the investigation of the dismutation of superoxide radicals, O?2 and HO2, in the presence of superoxide dismutase in aqueous solutions. The decay of superoxide radicals in the presence of the enzyme was found to be first order in both enzyme and superoxide concentrations. An apparent second order reaction rate constant was found to be about 2 × 109 M?1 sec?1, decreasing slightly as the pH is increased from 5 to 9.5. A mechanism which accounts for all our observations is proposed. It includes two steps: (1) formation of a product (EO?2 or E?) from one enzyme (E) molecule and one O?2 radical ion; (2) regeneration of E by a reaction of this product with an additional O?2 ion radical. The reaction rate constants k = (1.4 ± 0.2) × 109 and k = (1.9 ± 0.6) × 109 M?1 sec?1 were measured at pH = 7 in an oxygenated 0.16 M sodium formate solution. 相似文献
74.
Salah Shahine Salah El-Shorbani Mohamed El-Sadani 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1975,25(2):99-101
The effect of the various steps of purification on the ash content and ash constitution of cellulose prepared from cotton linters has been examined. After each step of purification, samples were analysed for total ash, SiO2, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Cu and Mn. Two methods of bleaching were investigated. The first involves double treatment of cellulose with sodium hypochlorite solution, and the second one treatment with hypochlorite followed by another treatment with sodium chlorite solution. The second method has a better effect in diminishing the ash content. 相似文献
75.
In order to face new regulation directives regarding the environment and also for improving their customer relationship, enterprises
have to increasingly be more able to manage their product information during the entire lifecycle. One of the objectives among
others in this paper is to deal with product traceability along the product lifecycle. To meet this objective, the information
system has to be designed and, further built in such a way all information regarding products is recorded. The IEC 62264 standards
define generic logical models for exchanging product and process information between business and manufacturing levels of
enterprise applications. Thus, it can be a base for product information traceability. However, its complexity comes from the
fact it mixes conceptual and implementation details while no methodology exists that defines how to instantiate it. Product
traceability is then needed to increase its abstraction level in order to concentrate on its concepts and managing its application
by providing a methodology for its instantiation. In this paper, we propose to map the IEC 62264 standard models to a particular
view of Zachman framework in order to make the framework concrete as a guideline for applying the standard and for providing
the key players in information systems design with a methodology to use the standard for traceability purposes. 相似文献
76.
Prediction of the onset of the flow instability (OFI) in steady and transient sub-cooled flow boiling is an important consideration in the design and operation of nuclear reactors, in particular for materials testing reactors (MTR). In this study, a predictive model for OFI in the MTR has been developed. The model is based on both the heat balance during the bubble generation and condensation processes, and the force balance for the detached bubbles at the onset of significant void (OSV). The only adjustable coefficient involved in the proposed model is quantified by comparison with the experimental data of Whittle and Forgan [Whittle, R.H., Forgan, R., 1967. A correlation for the minima in the pressure drop versus flow-rate curves for sub-cooled water flowing in narrow heated channels. Nucl. Eng. Des. 6, 89–99], which covers the wide range of MTR operating conditions. The model predictions are compared with predictions of some previous models, and it is shown that the present model results in smaller deviation from the experimental data. A correlation for the heat flux at OFI is also developed based on the present model. The developed correlation gives lower deviation from the experimental data than the well-known correlation of Whittle and Forgan. The model is also used to predict the OFI locus during a transient, where it shows good agreement with the short transient data of Lee and Bankoff [Lee, S.C., Bankoff, S.G., 1993. Prediction of the onset of flow instability in transient sub-cooled flow boiling. J. Nucl. Eng. Des. 139, 149–159] as well. 相似文献
77.
Ji?í Rathouský Dina Fattakhova Rohlfing Torsten Brezesinski 《Thin solid films》2007,515(16):6541-6543
The evaporation-induced self-assembly method using a novel diblock (poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)) copolymer (KLE) provides fully crystalline mesoporous layers of TiO2 exhibiting high thermal stability up to 700 °C, high photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of methyl stearate and facile transformation into a substantially stable superhydrophilic state by 1 mW/cm2 UV-illumination. 相似文献
78.
Salah T. B. Buttay C. Allard B. Morel H. Ghedira S. Besbes K. 《Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on》2007,22(1):13-20
Commercial power diodes are optimized to feature punch-through behavior. However, a tradeoff between the width and the doping level of the diode epitaxial layer leads to various levels of optimization. For a given breakdown voltage, a shorter epitaxial layer width leads to better transient performances. Device datasheets do not cover this issue and a simple experimental setup is presented to assess the optimization conditions inside the diode epitaxial layer. Three commercial devices are tested and experimental results are confronted to device simulations. A good agreement is found 相似文献
79.
Salah M Ramadan Ahmed El Sherbini Mahmoud Marie Mohamed Zaki 《Wireless Personal Communications》2007,41(1):57-75
One of the challenging tasks in Personal Communication Services (PCS) is to efficiently maintain the location of PCS subscribers
who move from one region to another (hereafter called mobile users). When a mobile user receives a call, the network has to
quickly determine its current location. The existing location management scheme suffers from high signaling traffic in locating
the mobile users. Two-level forwarding pointer scheme has been proposed from per-user forwarding pointer scheme to reduce
the cost of signaling traffic. In this paper, we enhance the two-level forwarding pointer scheme. When a mobile user moves
from its current Registered Area (RA), which is served by Mobile Switching Center (MSC), to another RA the local switch that
acts as a parent of those two MSCs maintains this movement in its memory (hereafter called cache entry). A cache entry is
used to locate rapidly the mobile user instead of querying the Home Location Register (HLR) and waiting for its reply. HLR
is centralized in the network and far away from the mobile users so that the signaling traffic crossing it is expensive. Sometimes
the cache entry may be failed to reach the mobile user then a two-level forwarding pointers will be created from the corresponding
Visitor Location Register (VLR), attached to its MSC, through a correct path to locate the mobile user. Thus, there is a saving
in cost of querying the underlying HLR. The analytical results indicate that such proposal efficiently reduces the signaling
traffic cost for all values of Call to Mobility Ratio (CMR), this is especially considerable when CMR ≥1, without any increase
in the call setup delay.
Salah M. Ramadan (samohra@yahoo.com) received the BS and MS degrees from Computers Engineering Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt,
in 1995 and 2002, respectively. From 2002, he was a Ph.D. student in Computers Engineering Department at Al-Azhar University
and is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree, where he is a research assistant in the Wireless Networks Branch. His research
interests include traffic management in ATM networks, routing protocols, mobility management in PCS networks, and mobile computing.
He is currently an instructor in Cisco Academy, Egypt.
Ahmed M. El-Sherbini (Sherbini@mcit.gov.eg) received the Ph.D. in Electrical and Communication Engineering, Case Western University, U.S.A. March
1983 and M.Sc. in Communication Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, June 1980. (M. Sc. Research Studies at the Ecole
Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications (ENST), Paris, France). He is the Director, National Telecommunication Institute
– Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Egypt and Professor of Electrical and Communication Engineering Dept.
Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt.
M. I. Marie received his B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. in electronic and communication engineering from Cairo University on 1972, 1981, 1985,
respectively. Now he is a professor of communications at Computer and System Engineering department Al-Azhar University, Cairo,
Egypt. His fields of interest includes digital communication, computer networks and protocols development.
M. Zaki (azhar@mailer.scu.eun.eg) is the professor of software engineering, Computer and System Engineering Department, Faculty of
Engineering, Al-Azhar University at Cairo. He received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from Cairo University
in 1968 and 1973 respectively. He received his Ph.D. degrees in computer engineering from Warsaw Technical University, Poland
in 1977. His fields of interest include artificial intelligence, soft computing, and distributed system. 相似文献
80.
This paper presents a path-smoothing algorithm over the piecewise linear path for non-holonomic robots. Based on the upper-bounded continuous curvature path-smoothing algorithm, three algorithms are proposed to enhance the path smoothing performance. First, an interactive algorithm, which fully utilizes extra distance margins of linear path, is suggested. Second, a bisection algorithm is proposed to relieve the violation of the maximum curvature constraints. Finally, an interpolating path-smoothing algorithm which passes intermediate points is suggested. Simulation results show the validity of the suggested algorithms. 相似文献