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101.
Kuttan Prabhakaran Jorly Joseph Nitin Madhusudan Gokhale Suresh Chandra Sharma Ramji Lal 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(7):2335-2337
Nanocrystalline lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) powder has been synthesized by combustion of a transparent gel obtained by the polymerization of methylol urea and urea in a solution containing La3+ , Sr2+ , and Mn2+ (LSM ions). Chemistry of the transparent urea–formaldehyde (UF) polymer gel formation and structure of the gel have been proposed such that the LSM ions act in between the growing UF polymer chains by interacting through NH, OH, and CO groups by co-ordination and prevent polymer self-assembly through inter-chain hydrogen bonding as evidenced from infrared spectrum. Thermally stable structures formed by the decomposition of UF polymer below 300°C undergo combustion in the presence of nitrate oxidant in a temperature range from 350°–450°C. A perovskite LSM phase has been formed by self-sustained combustion of the dried gel initiated with little kerosene. The powder obtained after deagglomeration and calcination at 600°C for 2 h has a D 50 value of 0.19 μm, and the particles are aggregates of crystallites 10–25 nm in size. 相似文献
102.
The right eye of a 9-year-old white boy with Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy had an intact egg-yolk lesion and a retinal pigment epithelial defect superiorly, suggesting an early pseudohypopyon stage. The disruptive phase of the left eye showed subretinal hemorrhages, a "signet ring," and a subretinal neovascular membrane. 相似文献
103.
Effect of fiber orientation on the structural behavior of FRP wrapped concrete cylinders 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Guoqiang Li Dinesh Maricherla Kumar Singh Su-Seng Pang Manu John 《Composite Structures》2006,74(4):475-483
In this study, 27 concrete cylinders with a diameter of 152.4 and a height of 304.8 mm were prepared. Among them, 18 cylinders were wrapped using two layers of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) with six fiber orientations; six cylinders were wrapped using four layers of FRP with fibers in axial or hoop direction only; the remaining three cylinders were used as control. The FRP used was E-glass fiber reinforced ultraviolet (UV) curing vinyl ester. Fifteen coupon specimens were prepared to experimentally determine the tensile strength of the FRP with fibers oriented at 0°, 45°, and 90° from the loading direction. Co-axial compression tests were conducted on the wrapped cylinders and control cylinders. The test results were compared with existing confinement models. It is found that the strength, ductility, and failure mode of FRP wrapped concrete cylinders depend on the fiber orientation and wall thickness. Fibers oriented at a certain angle in between the hoop direction and axial direction may result in strength lower than fibers along hoop or axial direction. A larger database is desired in order to refine the existing design-oriented confinement models. 相似文献
104.
Harish Bahadur S. B. Samanta A. K. Srivastava K. N. Sood R. Kishore R. K. Sharma A. Basu Rashmi M. Kar Prem Pal Vivekanand Bhatt Sudhir Chandra 《Journal of Materials Science》2006,41(22):7562-7570
Zinc oxide thin films grown by sol–gel and RF sputtering methods have been characterized. The characterization techniques used involve ellipsometry, optical absorption, scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The films grown by sol–gel spin method which followed zinc acetate route exhibited a smoother texture than the films, which were deposited by using zinc nitrate route. The later type of films showed a dendritic character. Nano-structured fine grains of size ranging from 20 to 60 nm were observed with zinc nitrate precursor film. Individual grains show a sharp contrast with different facets and boundaries. Crystal planes and lattice parameters calculated by electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction are quite close and in agreement with the reported values in literature. Scanning tunneling microscopy has been used for measuring the average roughness of the surface and estimating the lattice constants. The STM studies of RF sputtered films, although showing a ZnO structure, exhibited a disturbed lattice. This was presumably due to the fact that after deposition the films were not annealed. Nanographs of 2D and 3D view of atomic positions of ZnO have been presented by using scanning tunneling microscopy. 相似文献
105.
Incorporating fault debugging activities into software reliability models: a simulation approach 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A large number of software reliability growth models have been proposed to analyse the reliability of a software application based on the failure data collected during the testing phase of the application. To ensure analytical tractability, most of these models are based on simplifying assumptions of instantaneous & perfect debugging. As a result, the estimates of the residual number of faults, failure rate, reliability, and optimal software release time obtained from these models tend to be optimistic. To obtain realistic estimates, it is desirable that the assumptions of instantaneous & perfect debugging be amended. In this paper we discuss the various policies according to which debugging may be conducted. We then describe a rate-based simulation framework to incorporate explicit debugging activities, which may be conducted according to the different debugging policies, into software reliability growth models. The simulation framework can also consider the possibility of imperfect debugging in conjunction with any of the debugging policies. Further, we also present a technique to compute the failure rate, and the reliability of the software, taking into consideration explicit debugging. An economic cost model to determine the optimal software release time in the presence of debugging activities is also described. We illustrate the potential of the simulation framework using two case studies. 相似文献
106.
Medium carbon steel (AISI 1040) was one of the candidate materials for rock bolts to reinforce the borehole liners and emplacement
drifts of the high-level nuclear waste repository in Yucca Mountain. The corrosion performance of this structural steel was
investigated by techniques such as linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and laboratory immersion
tests in simulated ground waters. The corrosion rates of the steel were measured for the temperatures in the range from 25
°C to 85 °C, for the ionic concentrations of 1 time (1×), 10 times (10×), and a hundred times (100×) ground water concentration.
The steel corroded uniformly at penetration rates of 35 to 200 μm/year in the deaerated waters, and at 200 to 1000 μm/year in the aerated waters. Increasing temperatures in the deaerated waters increased the corrosion rate of the steel. However,
increasing ionic concentrations influenced the corrosion rate only slightly. In the aerated 1×and 10×waters, increasing temperatures
increased the rates of the steel significantly. In the aerated 100×waters, the corrosion rate increased from 25 °C to 45 °C
and decreased at higher temperatures (65 °C and up) due to the formation of oxide/hydroxide films and salt scales on the surface
of the steel specimen. The steel suffered pitting corrosion in the both deaerated and aerated hot ground water environments
after anodic polarization.
This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium “Effect of Processing on Materials Properties for Nuclear Waste
Disposition,” November 10–11, 2003, at the TMS Fall meeting in Chicago, Illinois, under the joint auspices of the. TMS Corrosion
and Environmental Effects and Nuclear Materials Committees. 相似文献
107.
The present paper deals with the theoretical investigation of temperature-dependent resistivity of the perovskite manganites
La0.78Pb0.22MnO3-δ within the framework of the classical electron–phonon model of resistivity, i.e., the Bloch–Gruneisen model. Due to inherent
acoustic (low-frequency) phonons (ωac) as well as high-frequency optical phonons (ωop), the contributions to the electron–phonon resistivity have first been estimated. At low temperatures the acoustic phonons
of the oxygen-breathing mode yield a relatively larger contribution to the resistivity as compared to the contribution of
optical phonons. Furthermore, the nature of phonons changes around T = 215 K exhibiting a crossover from an acoustic to optical phonon regime with elevated temperature. The contribution to resistivity
estimated by considering both phonons, i.e., ωac and ωop, when subtracted from experimental data, infers a T4.5 temperature dependence over most of the temperature range. Deduced T4.5 temperature dependence of ρdiff = [ρexp − {ρ0 + ρe-ph( = ρac + ρop)}] is justified in terms of electron–magnon scattering within the double exchange (DE) process. Within the proposed scheme,
the present numerical analysis of temperature dependent resistivity shows similar results as those revealed by experiments 相似文献
108.
K. K. Makhija Arabinda Ray R. M. Patel U. B. Trivedi H. N. Kapse 《Bulletin of Materials Science》2005,28(1):9-17
A sensor for ammonia gas and ethanol vapour has been fabricated using indium oxide thin film as sensing layer and indium tin
oxide thin film encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a miniature heater. For the fabrication of miniature heater
indium tin oxide thin film was grown on special high temperature corning glass substrate by flash evaporation method. Gold
was deposited on the film using thermal evaporation technique under high vacuum. The film was then annealed at 700 K for an
hour. The thermocouple attached on sensing surface measures the appropriate operating temperature.
The thin film gas sensor for ammonia was operated at different concentrations in the temperature range 323–493 K. At 473 K
the sensitivity of the sensor was found to be saturate. The detrimental effect of humidity on ammonia sensing is removed by
intermittent periodic heating of the sensor at the two temperatures 323K and 448 K, respectively. The indium oxide ethanol
vapour sensor operated at fixed concentration of 400 ppm in the temperature range 293–393 K. Above 373 K, the sensor conductance
was found to be saturate. With various thicknesses from 150–300 nm of indium oxide sensor there was no variation in the sensitivity
measurements of ethanol vapour. The block diagram of circuits for detecting the ammonia gas and ethanol vapour has been included
in this paper. 相似文献
109.
Bruns G. Chandra S. 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》2003,29(10):883-897
The points-to analysis problem is to find the pointer relationships that could arise during program execution. Many points-to analysis algorithms exist, each making a particular trade off between cost of the analysis and precision of the results. In this paper, we show how points-to analysis algorithms can be defined as transformed versions of an exact algorithm. We present a set of program transformations over a general program model and use them to define some existing points-to analysis algorithms. Doing so makes explicit the approximations involved in these algorithms. We also show how the transformations can be used to define new points-to analysis algorithms. Our transformations are generic and may be useful in the design of other program analysis algorithms. 相似文献
110.
Real-time three-dimensional tracking of people is an important requirement for a growing number of applications. In this
paper we describe two trackers; both of them use a network of video cameras for person tracking. These trackers are called
a rectilinear video array tracker (R-VAT) and an omnidirectional video array tracker (O-VAT), indicating the two different
ways of video capture. The specific objectives of this paper are twofold: (i) to present a systematic comparison of these
two trackers using an extensive series of experiments conducted in an `intelligent' room; (ii) to develop a real-time system
for tracking the head and face of a person, as an extension of the O-VAT approach. The comparative research indicates that
O-VAT is more robust to the number of people, less complex and runs faster, needs manual camera calibration, and the integrated
omnidirectional video network has better reconfigurability. The person head and face tracker study shows that such a system
can serve as a most effective input stage for face recognition and facial expression analysis modules. 相似文献