Synthesis and non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene phthalate‐co‐terephthalate)s

A series of poly(ethylene phthalate‐co‐terephthalate)s were synthesized by melt polycondensation of ethylene glycol (EG) with dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in various proportions. The DMT‐rich polymers were obtained with reasonably high molecular weights, whereas the DMP‐rich polymers were synthesized with relatively low molecular weights due to steric effects associated with the highly kinked DMP monomer. The compositions and thermal properties of the polymers were determined. The copolymers containing DMP in amounts of ≤ 21 mol% were crystallizable, whereas the other polymers were not. All the polymers exhibited a single glass transition temperature. Analysis of the measured glass transition temperatures and crystal melting temperatures confirmed that the DMT‐rich copolymers are random copolymers. The non‐isothermal crystallization behaviors of the DMT‐rich copolymers were investigated by calorimetry and modified Avrami analysis. The Avrami exponents n were found to range from 2.7 to 3.8, suggesting that the copolymers crystallize via a heterogeneous nucleation and spherulitic growth mechanism; that is, the incorporation of DMP units as the minor component does not change the growth mechanism of the copolymers. In addition, the activation energies of the crystallizations of the copolymers were determined; the copolymers were found to have higher activation energies than the PET homopolymer. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1682–1691, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Synthesis and thermotropic liquid‐crystalline behavior of novel main‐chain poly(aryl ether ketones)

Novel aromatic poly(ether ketones) containing bulky lateral groups were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4,4′‐biphenol and (4‐chloro‐3‐trifluoromethyl)phenylhydroquinone (CF‐PH) with 1,4‐bis(p‐fluorobenzoyl)benzene. The copolymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and polarized light microscopy observation. Thermotropic liquid‐crystalline behavior was observed in the copolymers containing 40, 50, 60, and 70 mol % CF‐PH. The crystalline–liquid‐crystalline transition [melting temperature (T_m)] and the liquid‐crystalline–isotropic phase transition appeared in the DSC thermograms, whereas the biphenol‐based homopolymer had only a melting transition. The novel poly(aryl ether ketones) had glass‐transition temperatures that ranged from 143 to 151°C and lower T_m's that ranged from 279 to 291°C, due to the copolymerization. The polymers showed high thermal stability, and some exhibited a large range in mesophase stability. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1347–1350, 2003     

钛酸铝材料性能及合成工艺

着重介绍了钛酸铝（Al2TiO3）陶瓷的结构、性能和合成工艺，并对今后发展趋势提出了基本观点。     

一种低温高光泽艺术陶瓷装饰用大红釉的研制

使用低温含铅透明釉为基础釉，选用适宜的包裹红色料，研制成功一种艺术瓷用高光泽大红釉，并探讨了不同因素对大红釉呈色的影响。     

Experimental analysis of bubble mode in a plate-type absorber

An experimental analysis of ammonia-water absorption was performed in a plate-type absorber. The flow of water and ammonia gas was performed in the bubble mode. The experiments were made to examine the effects of solution flow rate and gas flow rate on the performance of the absorber. It was found that the increase of solution flow rate rarely affected the mass transfer, but improved the heat transfer. As the gas flow rate increased, slugging occurred in the bubble mode and influenced the thermal boundary layer. Finally, the results were converted into dimensionless numbers to elucidate physical phenomena and plotted as Sherwood number versus Reynolds number for mass transfer performance and Nusselt number versus Reynolds number for heat transfer performance.     

Preparation and characterizations of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate)

Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels based on poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared by radical polymerization using 2,2‐dimethyl‐2‐phenylacetophenone and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as initiators and crosslinkers, respectively. The IPN hydrogels were analyzed for sorption behavior at 25°C and at a relative humidity of 95% using dynamic vapor sorption. The IPN hydrogels exhibited a relatively high equilibrium water content in the range of 13–68%. The state of water in the swollen IPN hydrogels was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The free water in the hydrogels increased as the hydrophilic content increased. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 258–262, 2003     

Study on the thermoplastic vulcanizate using ultrasonically treated rubber powder

Nowadays, waste EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) increasingly has been causing significant environmental problems with increasing numbers of vehicles. From the perspective of the environment and economics, recycling is the best method to treat waste materials. This study investigated waste EPDM/PP (polypropylene) blends with waste EPDM. Waste EPDM powders were treated ultrasonically, which physically modifies the rubber particles to confer good mechanical properties. Also investigated were the relevance of the mass percentage of the dispersed phase, the influence of the geometry and rotation speeds of the screw used in extrusion, and the melting temperature of PP materials on the morphology and mechanical properties of the blend. The purpose of this study was to develop a valuable thermoplastic elastomer from waste EPDM. This study concentrated on determining the optimum conditions for producing a blend by extrusion, including parameters of screw geometry, screw rotational speed, and operating temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2503–2507, 2003     

新农村建设中农户科技应用行为实地研究

通过对贵州省新农村建设示范村农民科技应用行为的实地研究,发现其行为是受理性支配的.一方面,经济人理性援引生活理性,培育了以借鉴示范户经验、乡邻社会以及专家建议来降低科技应用风险的主要方式.另一方面,要对贵州省的农业科技示范推广提供理论支持,对农民的现代性品格以及农村社会结构有所了解.     

STC视野下我国高职教育课程改革新探

当前我国高等职业教育存在着诸多问题,课程体系不合理尤为突出."从学校到生涯"(School to Career,STC)理念关注学生,着眼于个体生涯的终身发展,帮助学生从学校到生涯顺利过渡.在此视野下,我国高等职业教育应借鉴国外高职教育经验.着眼于培养学生职业能力,在指导思想、课程结构、教学方法和职业指导等方面加以改革.     

考虑降解率下的垃圾土降解压缩量计算模型

从无机物质量不变出发,在考虑降解率与密度变化的情况下,围绕垃圾土的密度、质量与体积三者关系,结合由自配试样进行降解试验获得的降解率规律,推导了垃圾土一维降解压缩模型。研究结果表明,降解压缩量与初始时刻有机物的体积百分含量、降解率及初始高度有关,且成正比关系。利用该模型对重庆市某垃圾填埋场的有机物降解沉降量进行了计算,可以看出降解沉降量与时间呈指数函数关系,在填埋初期降解沉降速率较大,随着时间推移,降解沉降量趋于稳定。