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11.
Certain behavioral properties of distributed systems are difficult to express in interleaving semantics, whereas they are naturally expressed in terms of partial orders of events or, equivalently, Mazurkiewicz traces. Two examples of such properties are serializability of a database and global snapshots of concurrent systems. Recently, a modest extension for LTL by an operator that expresses snapshots, has been proposed. It combines the ease of linear (interleaving) specification with this useful partial order concept. The new construct allows one to assert that a global snapshot appeared in the past, perhaps not in the observed execution sequence, but possibly in an equivalent one. 相似文献
12.
Doron Drusinsky James Bret Michael Man-Tak Shing 《Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering》2008,4(2):161-168
This paper presents a framework for augmenting independent validation and verification (IV&V) of software systems with computer-based
IV&V techniques. The framework allows an IV&V team to capture its own understanding of the application as well as the expected
behavior of any proposed system for solving the underlying problem by using an executable system reference model, which uses formal assertions to specify mission- and safety-critical behaviors. The framework uses execution-based model
checking to validate the correctness of the assertions and to verify the correctness and adequacy of the system under test. 相似文献
13.
Ledgerwood David M.; Steinberg Marvin A.; Wu Ran; Potenza Marc N. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,19(2):175
Problem gamblers often attribute suicidal ideation or attempts to their gambling. Logistic regression analyses were applied to data from problem gamblers (N = 986) calling a helpline. Problem gamblers reporting gambling-related suicidality (n = 252; 25.6%) were more likely than those denying it (n = 734; 74.4%) to acknowledge family, financial, legal, and mental and substance-related problems. Of problem gamblers acknowledging gambling-related suicidality, those reporting gambling-related suicide attempts (n = 53; 21.5%) were more likely than those denying them (n = 193; 78.5%) to acknowledge gambling-related illegal behaviors, mental health and substance abuse treatment, and family histories of alcohol problems, and were less likely to report prior gambling treatment. The findings suggest that increased gambling severity is associated with gambling-related suicidality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
14.
Silk Jennifer S.; Sessa Frances M.; Sheffield Morris Amanda; Steinberg Laurence; Avenevoli Shelli 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,18(1):135
This study explored the moderating effects of children's neighborhoods on the link between hostile parenting and externalizing behavior. Participants were 1st- or 2nd-grade children in an urban northeastern community. Children were administered the Parenting and Neighborhood scales of the Child Puppet Interview, and mothers completed questionnaires on neighborhood quality and parenting practices. Census tract measures of neighborhood quality and teachers' reports of children's externalizing behavior also were obtained. Results indicated that children's and mothers' perceptions of neighborhood involvement-cohesion buffered the link between hostile parenting and externalizing problems. Children's externalizing behavior was unrelated to census tract variables. Findings highlight the protective effect of neighborhood social cohesion and the utility of including young children's perspectives in research on neighborhoods and families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
15.
Newsome Mary R.; Steinberg Joel L.; Scheibel Randall S.; Troyanskaya Maya; Chu Z.; Hanten Gerri; Lu Hanzhang; Lane Summer; Lin Xiaodi; Hunter Jill V.; Vasquez Carmen; Zientz Jennifer; Li Xiaoqi; Wilde Elisabeth A.; Levin Harvey S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2008,22(4):419
Eight adolescents (ages 13-18 years) who sustained traumatic brain injury (TBI) and eight gender- and age-matched typically developing (TD) adolescents underwent event-related functional MRI (fMRI) while performing a Sternberg letter recognition task. Encoding, maintenance, and retrieval were examined with memory loads of one or four items during imaging. Both groups performed above a 70% accuracy criterion and did not differ in performance. TD adolescents showed greater increase in frontal and parietal activation during high-load relative to low-load maintenance than the TBI group. The TBI patients showed greater increase in activation during high-load relative to low-load encoding and retrieval than the TD group. Results from this preliminary study suggest that the capability to differentially allocate neural resources according to memory load is disrupted by TBI for the maintenance subcomponent of working memory. The overrecruitment of frontal and extrafrontal regions during encoding and retrieval following TBI may represent a compensatory process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
16.
17.
Amihood Doron Ernesto Joselevich Anat Schlittner Itamar Willner 《Thin solid films》1999,340(1-2):183-188
Modification of a glass support with triethoxy propylaminosilane yields an active interface for the assembly of Au colloids. The colloids are imaged by AFM using a low applied load (0.5–0.7 nN). The lateral Au-colloid dimensions, 33±3 nm, deviate from the particle dimensions determined by TEM (19±2 nm) and absorption spectroscopy (15 nm). This deviation is attributed to the intrinsic curvature of the AFM tip. Application of higher loads on the tip (3 nN) results in the sweeping of Au colloids from the monolayer. The Au colloid monolayer is etched in the presence of CN−. The etching proceeds by the initial coincidental etching of Au particles followed by the kinetically favored etching of particles at the edges of the etched domains. This provides means for the micro machining and the chemical manipulation of Au colloids of controlled spatial arrangement. 相似文献
18.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the relative efficiency of 197 local municipalities in traffic safety in Israel during 2004–2009, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA efficiency is based on multiple inputs and multiple outputs, when their weights are unknown. We used here inputs reflecting the resources allocated to the local municipalities (such as funding), outputs include measures that reflect reductions in accidents (such as accidents per population), and intermediate variables known as safety performance indicators (SPI): measures that are theoretically linked to crash and injury reductions (such as use of safety belts). Some of the outputs are undesirable. Using DEA, the local municipalities were rank-scaled from the most efficient to the least efficient and required improvements for inefficient municipalities were calculated. We found that most of the improvements were required in two intermediate variables related to citations for traffic violations. Several DEA versions were used including a two-stage model where in the first stage the intermediate variables are the outputs, and in the second stage they are the inputs. Further analyses utilizing multiple regressions were performed to verify the effect of various demographic parameters on the efficiency of the municipalities. The demographic parameters tested for each local municipality were related to the size, age, and socio-economic level of the population. The most significant environmental variable affecting the efficiency of local municipalities in preventing road accidents is the population size of the local authority; the size has a negative effect on the efficiency. As far as we could determine, this is the first time that the DEA is used to measure the efficiency of local municipalities in improving traffic safety. 相似文献
19.
For pt.I see ibid. vol.42, no.10, p.2549, 1994. We present several novel algorithms for array processing, as well as extensions of existing methods based on this approach. We first consider the problem of localization of wideband sources via coherent processing, and show how wavefield modeling enables us to derive expressions for the frequency transformation (focusing) matrices. This method is extended to three dimensions and to sector processing. We then develop computationally efficient implementations of MUSIC and Root-MUSIC for the narrowband and the coherent and incoherent wideband cases, as well as a natural extension of Root-MUSIC to any 2-D array. In addition, wavefield modeling allows us for the first time to extend Root-MUSIC to 3-D arrays and wavefields. We also present a low complexity variant of Root-MUSIC for direction finding within a limited angular sector. Finally, we derive a low-dimensional sufficient statistic and reduced rank processing schemes for the case of oversampled arrays and/or limited angular sector scenarios 相似文献
20.
Elodie Belnoue Alexis Vogelzang Natalie E. Nieuwenhuizen Magdalena A. Krzyzaniak Stephanie Darbre Mario Kreutzfeldt Ingrid Wagner Doron Merkler Paul-Henri Lambert Stefan H. E. Kaufmann Claire-Anne Siegrist Daniel D. Pinschewer 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(5)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) represents a major burden to global health, and refined vaccines are needed. Replication-deficient lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (rLCMV)-based vaccine vectors against cytomegalovirus have proven safe for human use and elicited robust T cell responses in a large proportion of vaccine recipients. Here, we developed an rLCMV vaccine expressing the Mtb antigens TB10.4 and Ag85B. In mice, rLCMV elicited high frequencies of polyfunctional Mtb-specific CD8 and CD4 T cell responses. CD8 but not CD4 T cells were efficiently boosted upon vector re-vaccination. High-frequency responses were also observed in neonatally vaccinated mice, and co-administration of rLCMV with Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) vaccines did not result in substantial reciprocal interference. Importantly, rLCMV immunization significantly reduced the lung Mtb burden upon aerosol challenge, resulting in improved lung ventilation. Protection was associated with increased CD8 T cell recruitment but reduced CD4 T cell infiltration upon Mtb challenge. When combining rLCMV with BCG vaccination in a heterologous prime-boost regimen, responses to the rLCMV-encoded Mtb antigens were further augmented, but protection was not significantly different from rLCMV or BCG vaccination alone. This work suggests that rLCMV may show utility for neonatal and/or adult vaccination efforts against pulmonary tuberculosis. 相似文献