嵌入式系统专家部落格(ind River Blog) BMW寻求迈向开放之路

Eclipse Foundation行销总监lan Skerrett在MotorAuthority,com表示,BMW正在探寻市场,看看主流制造商是否有兴趣为车用娱乐信息系统开发一个开放来源堆栈.     

A Software Package for Design and Manufacture of Prosthetic Sockets for Transtibial Amputees

A software package, written in Pascal, whkh automates the shape management process associated with fitting prosthetic sockets to transtibial (below-knee) amputees, is described. The system allows an operator to apply global and piecewise transformations, based upon clinkal measurements, to a primitive socket database. These transformations yield a modified socket database which defines the surface shape of a positive socket mold over which an amputee's prosthetic socket is formed. The mold is replicated using a computer numerkally controled milling machine, with the final socket being formed over this mold by a specialized vacuum former. Preliminary clinical trials indkate that this automated approach to shape management yields comfortable prostheses, with savings in time and cost over the traditional methods of prosthesis manufacture.     

Conductive Anodic Filament Formation Part II: Electrochemical Reactions Leading to CAF

Conductive anodic filament (CAF) formation has been studied for a number of years, but the mechanism of its formation has not previously been defined. In 2002, Ready identified CAF as atacamite, Cu₂(OH)₃Cl. Electrochemical studies have shown that both CuCl and CuCl ₂ ^? participate in the formation of Cu₂(OH)₃Cl, with the predominating species being CuCl. This paper proposes a mechanism for CAF formation based on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The data show that CuCl is the precursor to the formation of Cu₂(OH)₃Cl in the presence of oxygen and water. Earlier, Meeker and Lu Valle had proposed that CAF failure is best represented by two competing reactions: the formation of a copper chloride corrosion compound (now identified as Cu₂(OH)₃Cl) and the formation of innocuous trapped chlorine compounds. Since no evidence of any trapped chloride compounds has been found, we propose that the formation of CAF is best represented by a single nonreversible reaction.     

The Changing Role Of The City Centre In Adelaide And Melbourne

It is not too often that sufficient similarities and comparable data enable us to make significant comparisons between the central areas of Australian capital cities. This article presents such material about Adelaide and Melbourne. In particular, it takes advantage of floorspace and employment surveys carried out in these central areas in 1987 and 1992 to identify not only trends but important points of similarity and difference. Some of the more important reasons for these changes are canvassed in the context of current literature. The different policy responses of the two state governments and central city authorities are also examined as there has been a change in both cities to a state Liberal government following Labor governments which have incurred heavy financial losses and increased state debt.     

The investigation of basic processes of rapidly hardening wood-cement-water mixture with CO2

The rapid hardening of wood-cement-water mixture in a carbon dioxide enriched environment was investigated, by studying the development of carbonation degree and monitoring the phase changes in the mixture. The carbonation reaction was a diffusion-controlled process. It occurred very quickly in the first two minutes of reaction. After that, its rate decreased drastically, due to the increasing difficulty of transporting reactants to reaction sites. Jander’s model was found ineffective in predicting the carbonation process. However, its modified version, developed by Kroger and Ziegler, could describe this progress accurately. In addition, the rapid hardening appeared to result mainly from the reactions of calcium silicates in cement with carbon dioxide. The reaction between ettringite and carbon dioxide might also contribute to this rapid hardening process. However, the reaction between calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide was not confirmed.     

Effect of limestone filler on the deterioration of mortars and pastes exposed to sulfate solutions at ambient temperature

This paper presents data on engineering properties such as compressive strength, visual change and expansion of mortar specimens incorporating limestone filler subjected to severe sulfate attack at ambient temperature. Specimens with four replacement levels of limestone filler (0, 10, 20 and 30% of cement by mass) were immersed in sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions with 33,800 ppm of SO₄²⁻ concentration. In order to identify the products formed by sulfate attack, microstructural analyses such as XRD and SEM were also performed on the paste samples with similar replacement levels of limestone filler.The test results demonstrated that mortar and paste samples incorporating higher replacement levels of limestone filler were more susceptible to sulfate attack irrespective of types of attacking sources. However, the deterioration modes were significantly dependent on the types of sulfate solutions. Additionally, although the samples were exposed to sulfate solutions at 20 ± 1 °C, the deterioration was strongly associated with thaumasite formation in both sulfate solutions.The deterioration mechanism and resistance to sulfate attack of cement matrix incorporating limestone filler at ambient temperature is discussed in the light of the test results obtained.     

The Influence of Phototrophic Biomass on Fe and S Redox Cycling in an Acid Mine Drainage-Impacted System

We examined the effects of organic carbon from oxygenic photosynthetic algal biomass on the redox cycling of Fe and S in an acid mine drainage (AMD)-impacted system. Fe(III)-rich sediments from the field site with abundant algae contained fewer Fe(II) oxidizing bacteria and lower rates of Fe(II) oxidation compared to sediments that did not contain abundant algae. The addition of algal biomass to sediments that did not previously contain abundant algae inhibited microbiological Fe(II) oxidation and enhanced microbiological Fe(III) and sulfate reduction. As Fe(III) reduction proceeded, sulfate was released into solution due to the reductive solubilization of Fe(III) (hydr)oxy-sulfate phases. Our results indicate that in systems where oxidative precipitation of Fe is exploited as an AMD treatment strategy, the abundant organic carbon provided by photosynthetic organisms may inhibit or reverse Fe(II) oxidation.     

Thermo-elastic/plastic semi-analytical solution of incompressible functionally graded spherical pressure vessel under thermo-mechanical loading

In this paper, numerical solutions to assess partially plastic and fully plastic deformation behavior of a functionally graded spherical pressure vessel are presented. The modulus of elasticity of the material is assumed to vary nonlinearly in the radial direction and axisymmetric displacements and stresses in the functionally graded spherical vessel subjected to thermal loading and uniform internal pressure are determined using plasticity theory. Tresca??s yield criterion and its associated flow rule are used to formulate different plastic regions for an ideal FG material. In this way, the material property varies by Young??s modulus that may be an arbitrary function of the radial coordinate. Therefore, the material is assumed to be functionally graded in the radial direction. Hence, the general analytical solutions of such equations are not available, the numerical method (semi-analytical) is applied and a new collection of equilibrium equations with small deflections is presented. Accordingly, the radial domain is divided into some virtual sub-domains in which the power-law distribution is used for the thermomechanical properties of the elemental components. By considering the necessary continuity conditions between adjacent sub-domains, jointly with the global boundary conditions, a set of linear differential equations is obtained. Solution of the linear differential equations yields the thermoelastic responses for each sub-domain as exponential functions of the radial coordinate. Subsequently, attributed to centrifugal force, results for the stress, strain, and displacement components along the radius in elastic and plastic area are presented.     

Video mediated social interaction between groups: System requirements and technology challenges

This paper discusses results from research related to the use of television as a device that supports social interaction between close-knit groups in settings that include more than two locations, each location being potentially equipped with more than one camera. The paper introduces the notion of a framing experience, as a specific scenario or situation within which social communication takes place. It reports on the evaluation of some of the key attributes of social communication through semi-structured interviews, with 16 families across four European countries. The inferences drawn from this study are reduced to four system capabilities including the ability to support: excitement, engagement and entertainment; high quality, reliable audiovisual communications; flexibility and adaptability sufficient to support the unpredictable and reactive nature of human interaction and discourse. These system requirements are, in turn, reduced to a number of technology challenges which if solved will help enable effective social communications between groups, mediated by the television. These technology challenges include: high quality reliable audio visual communication; interaction orchestration, multimedia interpretation and multimedia composition. Finally the paper reflects on the impact the use of framing experiences, such as those described here, could have on strategy and policy for service providers and regulators.     

The synthesis and crystal structure of unsubstituted 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)

The fully unsubstituted 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) was synthesized for the first time by oxidation of dipyrromethane followed by treatment with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate in the presence of a base. The compound was fully characterized and its X-ray crystal structure is reported.