Flow regime, hydrodynamics, floc size distribution and sludge properties in activated sludge bubble column, air-lift and aerated stirred reactors

This paper presents a comparative study how reactor configuration, sludge loading and air flowrate affect flow regimes, hydrodynamics, floc size distribution and sludge solids-liquid separation properties. Three reactor configurations were studied in bench scale activated sludge bubble column reactor (BCR), air-lift reactor (ALR) and aerated stirred reactor (ASR). The ASR demonstrated the highest capacity of gas holdup and resistance, and homogeneity in flow regimes and shearing forces, resulting in producing large numbers of small and compact flocs. The fluid dynamics in the ALR created regularly directed recirculation forces to enhance the gas holdup and sludge flocculation. The BCR distributed a high turbulent flow regime and non-homogeneity in gas holdup and mixing, and generated large numbers of larger and looser flocs. The sludge size distributions, compressibility and settleability were significantly influenced by the reactor configurations associated with the flow regimes and hydrodynamics.     

CaO-SiO2系玻璃的析晶动力学研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制得CaO-SiO2系基础玻璃,通过差热分析曲线分析质量比为CaO-SiO2玻璃的析晶能力。经分析,其析晶活化能E=457.1kJ·mol-1,而晶化生长指数是随升温速率的不同而不同,速率越大,晶化生长指数越小。     

Nanocrystalline CeO2 in SBA-15: Performance of Pt/CeO2/SBA-15 Catalyst for Water-gas-shift Reaction

CeO₂ particles confined within the pores of an SBA-15 mesoporous silica host were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation (IMP) and deposition precipitation (DP) methods. The materials were characterized by XRD, N₂-adsorption and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) to evaluate the structure, texture, and redox properties. The preparation procedure had significant impact on the assembling mode of CeO₂ inside the SBA-15 mesopores. A high dispersion of CeO₂ particles was achieved via DP, whereas the dispersion of CeO₂ prepared by IMP was found to be inhomogeneous and CeO₂ partially blocked the pores. The CO conversion in the water-gas-shift reaction was enhanced over 1 wt% Pt supported on CeO₂-modified SBA-15 obtained by DP.     

塑料啤酒瓶开发现状

介绍了塑料啤酒瓶的优点,详细介绍了各种以PET为基础的改性啤酒瓶材料,并列举了大量的开发实例。     

Thermal analysis of styrene–alkyl methacrylate polymers. I. Glass transition temperatures

The glass transition temperatures (T_g's) of several polystyrenes and styrene–alkyl methacrylate copolymers and terpolymers were measured using thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The polymers studied had number-average molecular weights from 3000 to 250,000 g/mole. The results indicate that the composition dependence of the T_g's for the copolymers and terpolymers can be satisfactorily described by a general Fox equation. In general, the measured T_g's of the copolymer and terpolymer samples depend more on the steric effects of the constituent pendent groups than on their molecular weights. The chain flexibility rather than the size of the pendent group is the determining factor in the glass transition properties of the styrene polymers.     

The allelopathic mechanisms of dominance in bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) in Southern California

Bracken,Pteridium aquilinum, exerts a strong dominance over associated plants throughout much of its worldwide range. Associated plants are often severely inhibited or even excluded from dense stands of the fern. This study investigated the various aspects of herb suppression in bracken stands and assessed the contribution of the various forms of interference between plants to the establishment and maintenance of bracken dominance. It was shown that competition for soil moisture, light, and nutrients could not account for the lack of herbs in bracken stands. Further, uniformity of soil pH, texture, water-holding capacity, and organic matter content ruled out variability in physical factors as a cause. Baiting and trapping experiments showed that the higher concentration of animal activity inside the bracken stands contributed significantly to the pattern of herb suppression, but only against select species. The maintenance of this pattern in the animal-free Santa Cruz Island stands indicates the importance of another factor, allelopathy. It was found that phytotoxins leached from the dead, standing bracken fronds with the first few rains of the wet season were largely responsible for herb suppression. These toxins were isolated in raindrip and from soil inside the fern stands. Removal of the fronds from the stand before the rains could leach them resulted in reinvasion by the herbs after several seasons, and, conversely, placing fronds over the herbs in the grassland brought about herb inhibition. A number of known allelopathic chemicals were tentatively identified from bracken leachates. The importance of the interaction of allelopathy with other factors of plant interference is illustrated by bracken.     

护肤品的功效性评价方法综述

现代科学技术,尤其是生物技术和计算机技术的飞速发展和广泛应用,给化妆品行业带来了全新的发展机遇,赋予化妆品以一定的功效性是新世纪化妆品发展的重要趋势.近20年来,人们对化妆品的要求已从洁肤、润肤为目的的基础护肤品向美白、祛皱为目的的功效性化妆品方向发展.     

Relationship of hydrocarbon and source-rock in Nos.3-5 tectonic belts of the Lenghu area, northern Qaidam Basin

Based on analyses of the components of crude oil hydrocarbons and carbon isotopes, the content of normal alkane de-creased from 49.00% to 20.10% when moving from the No.3 to No.5 tectonic belt of the Lenghu area of the Qaidam Basin, while cycloalkanes increased from 30.00% to 52.20% and aromatic and branch chain alkanes increased gradually as well. The maturity of sterane in crude oil is higher than that of its source-rock, which shows that the hydrocarbons were generated from a deep source-rock of high maturity around the tectonic belts of the Lenghu area. The analysis of the characteristics of carbon isotopes also shows that these isotopes of hydrocarbon compounds in the No.4 and No.5 tectonic belt are apparently heavier than those in the No.3 belt. The results of our research show that the hydrocarbons in the No.3 tectonic belt are mainly from a relatively rich sapropelic substance, while the hydrocarbons in the No.4 and No.5 tectonic belt originated mainly from organic matter of a rela-tively rich humic type substance.     

A mixed boundary-value problem of elasticity with parabolic boundary

Summary The mixed boundary-values problem of elasticity with parabolic boundary when the prescribed displacement is parabolic has been reduced to the solution of the non-homogeneous Hilbert problem following the method of complex variable. The result has been compared with that obtained byParia [5] for parabolic boundary with prescribed constant displacement as a particular case.

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Zusammenfassung Das gemischte Randwertproblem der Elastizitätstheorie wird für parabolische Berandung auf die Lösung des inhomogenen Hilbert-Problems unter Benützung der komplexen Methode zurückgeführt. Die Randverschiebung wird durch ein Polynom zweiten Grades dargestellt. Das Ergebnis wird mit dem vonParia [5] verglichen, das als Sonderfall konstante Verschiebungen am parabolischen Rand vorschreibt.

     

物联网环境下企业内部控制环境研究

物联网作为未来的发展趋势之一,将在各个方面决定未来世界和人类社会的发展方向。而自智慧地球、感知中国等战略提出以来,世界各国也纷纷开展物联网领域的规划布局,将物联网建设上升到国家战略。物联网在全世界范围内掀起了继计算机和互联网之后的第三次信息革命浪潮。在这空前火爆的物联网宏观背景下,微观企业也不可避免的受到物联网影响。在这一背景下,通过分析物联网环境对企业内部控制环境的影响。本文认为,物联网环境下企业内部控制环境将更加信息化、虚拟化、智能化。