Einflüsse von Triazolapplikationen auf Kornertrag und -qualität von Winterraps

Effects of Growth Substance Applications (Triazole) on Yield Formation and Grain Quality of Winter Rape Field trials have been conducted for two years (1986/87 and 1987/88) with cv. Lirabon (low erucic acid and low glucosinolate content). At several growth stages uptil beginning of flowering and at different rates the triazole RSW 0411 (Bayer) was applied. The problem was to investigate growth regulator effects on agronomically important traits, the utilization of yield potential and on seed quality. Applications during stem elongation reduced plant height phoma lingam infestation and lodging. Branching and numbers of pods/plant increased, partly on costs of pod filling. In 1986/87 grain yields/ha indicated (not significant) increases without any effects on grain quality. In 1987/88 grain yield/ha decreased significantly combined with increasing protein- and glucosinolate contents.     

50 Jahre Kybernetik in Österreich

The term “cybernetics” is very old, but in the middle of the last century it gained new importance as steering brought new aspects to the area of information technology. This paper deals with the general history of cybernetics and then describes the beginning of this field at Vienna University of Technology. In this context it was an important step, when the book “Cybernetics” by Norbert Wiener first came to Vienna; thus the interest in cybernetic models evolved. Originating from the interest in cybernetic models, three models were recreated (and refined):

1. the model of the conditioned reflex (artificial tortoise),
2. the model of orientation in a maze (mouse), and
3. the model of homeostasis (homeostat).

The third and final part of this paper illustrates the gradual transition to artificial intelligence (AI). Hopes that were tied up with this term are discussed. Apart from that the question of how much has been left of cybernetics and artificial intelligence today is raised. The mouse in the maze is very closely connected to our Emeritus: He built the Viennese version of it as part of his diploma thesis.     

News: United Kingdom to set air quality emission standards

Government.     

The polymerase chain reaction: Applications for the detection of foodborne pathogens

Faster methods for the detection of foodborne microbial pathogens are needed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can amplify specific segments of DNA and is used to detect and identify bacterial genes responsible for causing diseases in humans. The major features and requirements for the PCR are described along with a number of important variations. A considerable number of PCR‐based assays have been developed, but they have been applied most often to clinical and environmental samples and more rarely for the detection of foodborne microorganisms. Much of the difficulty in implementing PCR for the analysis of food samples lies in the problems encountered during the preparation of template DNAs from food matrices; a variety of approaches and considerations are examined. PCR methods developed for the detection and identification of particular bacteria, viruses, and parasites found in foods are described and discussed, and the major features of these reactions are summarized.     

Oxidatively modified LDL and atherosclerosis: An evolving plausible scenario

Much evidence has accumulated that implicates the oxidative modification of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) in the early stages of atherogenesis. The antioxidant nutrients alpha‐tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and beta‐carotene have been shown to inhibit in vitro LDL oxidation. In addition, they have been shown to increase the resistance of LDL to oxidation when given to animals and humans. Because plasma levels of these nutrients can be increased by dietary supplementation with minimal side effects, they may show promise in the prevention of coronary artery disease.     

Trapping of soursop (Annona muricata) juice volatiles on porapak Q by suction

The trapping technique of Singleton and Pattee, in which the volatiles are swept to a Porapak Q trap by suction rather than by a sweeping gas, was modified and used to isolate soursop juice volatiles. Using fixed, low vacuum and operating conditions determined specifically for soursop volatiles, very high reproducibility was obtained. The majority of the peaks had a coefficient of variation less than 0.10. The relative amounts of the volatile components obtained by direct headspace sampling was fairly well maintained in the Porapak Q concentrate. The chromatograms showed distinct differences between two commercial brands or between lots of the same brand of soursop juice. The trapping technique appear to have wide applicability provided that the operating conditions are adapted to each product studied.     

IT-Security in der Energieautomatisierung

The increasing use of information technology in energy distribution and the wide interconnection of such systems bring security issues into the focus of interest. This contribution introduces the essential concepts and concentrates on specific security requirements and risks in energy automation. At the example of the two different data acquisition systems REMPLI and JEVis a possible implementation of security concepts is discussed.     

Performance evolution of trellis coding in Multiple Input Multiple Output communication systems—A review

In recent years, it has been realized that the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication system is inevitable in accelerating the evolution of high data rate applications. Also the latest research in Information and Communication Technology has told that considerable gains in capacity of wireless communication are feasible in MIMO systems. MIMO with Space Time Trellis Code (STTC) offers both diversity gain and coding gain. This paper discusses the evolutional variants of Space Time Trellis Code developed over a decade. The performance of New Trellis code for STTC, STTC for 4-PSK, Space Frequency Trellis code (SFTC), Space Time Bit Trellis Code, and Silver STTC have been studied and discussed. STTC with Trellis Coded Modulation creates a bandwidth efficient system with coding gain.     

Capacity Optimization in TDMA Ad-Hoc Networks

Many scheduling techniques have been developed to solve the problem of sharing the common channel to multiple stations. TDMA has been increasingly used as a scheduling technique in ad-hoc networks. The current trend for QoS capable applications led to the deployment of numerous routing schemes that use TDMA. These schemes try to solve the problem of distributing the available slots among the wireless nodes and at the same time, to find paths within the network that fulfill some QoS related limitations, such as end-to-end delay. The exact way the slots are distributed among the transmitting nodes has an impact on the end-to-end delay and other performance parameters of the network, such as capacity. Therefore, the efficiency of the scheduling algorithms is closely related to the network topologies. In this paper, we propose two new end-to-end TDMA scheduling algorithms that try to enhance the network capacity by increasing the number of concurrent connections established in the network, without causing additional end-to-end delay. We study the efficiency of the proposed algorithms, when applied on various random topologies, and compare them in terms of end-to-end delay and network capacity.