A distributed adverse drug reaction detection system using intelligent agents with a fuzzy recognition‐primed decision model

Discovering unknown adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in postmarketing surveillance as early as possible is highly desirable. Nevertheless, current postmarketing surveillance methods largely rely on spontaneous reports that suffer from serious underreporting, latency, and inconsistent reporting. Thus these methods are not ideal for rapidly identifying rare ADRs. The multiagent systems paradigm is an emerging and effective approach to tackling distributed problems, especially when data sources and knowledge are geographically located in different places and coordination and collaboration are necessary for decision making. In this article, we propose an active, multiagent framework for early detection of ADRs by utilizing electronic patient data distributed across many different sources and locations. In this framework, intelligent agents assist a team of experts based on the well‐known human decision‐making model called Recognition‐Primed Decision (RPD). We generalize the RPD model to a fuzzy RPD model and utilize fuzzy logic technology to not only represent, interpret, and compute imprecise and subjective cues that are commonly encountered in the ADR problem but also to retrieve prior experiences by evaluating the extent of matching between the current situation and a past experience. We describe our preliminary multiagent system design and illustrate its potential benefits for assisting expert teams in early detection of previously unknown ADRs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 827–845, 2007.     

Schwingfestigkeit von Schraube‐Mutter‐Verbindungen

High cycle fatigue of bolted connections Extensive tests regarding the influences on the fatigue of bolt‐nut‐connections of preloading with torsion, of preloading with yielding, of loading with superimposed bending and of the tested lot are processed. These influences are not yet known according to VDI 2230. New testing devices were designed for these tests, which allow a far less expensive operation and may easily be used for bolts of diameters up to M100 and testing frequencies up to 1000 Hz. The validity of fatigue resistance according to VDI 2230 is specified with respect to the test results. The determined influence of the tested lots is unexpectedly high. The manufacturing process of bolts should be improved to minimize this influence.     

Residual stresses and transformation toughening in MoSi2 composites reinforced with partially stabilized zirconia

The results of study of the effects of yttria stabilization (0–6 mol.%) on the room-temperature fracture behavior and toughening mechanisms in zirconia-reinforced MoSi₂ are presented in this paper. Transformation toughening is shown to occur only in composites reinforced with zirconia particles stabilized with 2 mol.% yttria. However, the fracture toughness levels are comparable in the other composites with yttria levels between 0 and 6 mol.%. Toughening in the other composites is attributed to the combined effects of residual stress, microcrack shielding/anti-shielding and/or crack deflection. A rigorous micromechanics-based model is presented for the estimation of residual stress levels in brittle materials reinforced with phases that can transform during cooling or under stress. The model is applied successfully to the rationalization of the observed fracture and toughening phenomena.     

线卡通信系统的基本构件

如今高性能通信系统有多种形式，在企业网络中，它也许是路由器，或是将以太局域网(LAN)的数据转发至OC-48 SONET光网络的多业务转换装置；在蜂窝网络中，它可能是第三代宽带无线网络控制器(RNC)，将基站(BTS)的移动蜂窝电话呼叫发送至公共交换电话网(PSTN)；在存储网络中，它可以是将服务器的数据备份至廉价磁盘冗余阵列(RAID)的光纤通道存储转换器。无论何种特殊类型的网络，这些系统的共同用途是接收来自信息源的数据，决定它需要发至何处，并有效地将它传送至目的地。为了支持这些关键功能，需要有一套通用通信元件或“基本构…     

Betriebsmittelbezogene Lastmodellierung in Verteilungsnetzen

Übersicht Der Betriebszustand eines Verteilungsnetzes wird durch die Strombelastung aller Betriebsmittel beschrieben. Mit Hilfe einer statischen Estimationsmethode werden aus einzelnen Messungen und der Kenntnis der Verbrauchsdaten typische Verbraucherkurven (TVK) berechnet, die das elektrische Verhalten verschiedener Verbrauchergruppen widerspiegeln. Auf dieser Basis ist eine betriebsmittelbezogene Lastmodellierung an beliebigen Betriebsmitteln in Abhängigkeit der Verbraucherzusammensetzung unter Berücksichtigung externer Einflüsse wie der Temperatur möglich. Die so gewonnenen Belastungsverläufe erlauben eine Beschreibung des Netzzustands in den Verteilungsnetzen.

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Bus load modelling in distribution systems

Contents The operating state of a distribution system is determined by the bus load current. Based on individual substation measurements and the load composition typical load curves are calculated using statistical estimation theory. These typical load curves describe the electrical behaviour of the different load types (e.g. household, storage heating, commerce etc.). As soon as the typical load curves are determined it is possible to calculate the bus load current in any substation taking external influences such as temperature into consideration. The bus load current serve as load models which completely describe the operating state of the distribution system.