IT-Security in der Energieautomatisierung

The increasing use of information technology in energy distribution and the wide interconnection of such systems bring security issues into the focus of interest. This contribution introduces the essential concepts and concentrates on specific security requirements and risks in energy automation. At the example of the two different data acquisition systems REMPLI and JEVis a possible implementation of security concepts is discussed.     

Interoperability testing of Web Services for e-learning

Web Service technologies seem to open interesting unexplored scenarios in the e-learning domain. Particularly appealing is the possibility of defining and standardizing services that, when implemented and composed, will result in complex e-learning applications. However, an agreed standard specification per se is not sufficient, rather methodologies for validating conformance against it have to be released. This paper discusses current approaches to standardise Web Service specification and implementation and outlines an approach to conformance verification of services through testing, aiming at reducing the risk of interoperability issues at execution time.     

The polymerase chain reaction: Applications for the detection of foodborne pathogens

Faster methods for the detection of foodborne microbial pathogens are needed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can amplify specific segments of DNA and is used to detect and identify bacterial genes responsible for causing diseases in humans. The major features and requirements for the PCR are described along with a number of important variations. A considerable number of PCR‐based assays have been developed, but they have been applied most often to clinical and environmental samples and more rarely for the detection of foodborne microorganisms. Much of the difficulty in implementing PCR for the analysis of food samples lies in the problems encountered during the preparation of template DNAs from food matrices; a variety of approaches and considerations are examined. PCR methods developed for the detection and identification of particular bacteria, viruses, and parasites found in foods are described and discussed, and the major features of these reactions are summarized.     

Oxidatively modified LDL and atherosclerosis: An evolving plausible scenario

Much evidence has accumulated that implicates the oxidative modification of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) in the early stages of atherogenesis. The antioxidant nutrients alpha‐tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and beta‐carotene have been shown to inhibit in vitro LDL oxidation. In addition, they have been shown to increase the resistance of LDL to oxidation when given to animals and humans. Because plasma levels of these nutrients can be increased by dietary supplementation with minimal side effects, they may show promise in the prevention of coronary artery disease.     

CMOS and SiGe bipolar circuits for applications up to 110 GHz

Recently, CMOS has been demonstrated to be a viable technology for very-high-bit-rate broad-band and wireless communication systems up to 40 Gb/s and 50 GHz. Advances in device scaling and doping-profile optimization have also resulted in SiGe bipolar transistors with impressive performance, including cut-off frequencies of more than 200 GHz. This paper presents advances in circuit design which fully exploit the high-speed potential of a 0.13 µm CMOS technology up to 50 GHz and of a high-performance SiGe bipolar technology up to 110 GHz operating frequency. The combination of advanced circuit techniques and a state-of-the-art fabrication-process technology results in continuing the upward shift of the frequency limits.     

适度集成有助于汽车功率驱动系统设计

汽车电子系统设计人员在选择MOSFET器件时以前只有两种选择:没有任何保护措施的“简单”PowerMOS或具有完全保护的器件,后者在环境条件超出规定范围时会自动关闭,然而带有额外逻辑和保护电路的完全保护器件成本较高。因此,有些供应商开发了一种介于两者之间的适度集成的新型器件,在单芯片中结合了TrenchMOS技术以及温度和电流传感元件。其优点是不需要昂贵的智能功率器件即可为系统提供保护并节约空间。     

产品开发过程标准化对产品开发质量的影响

本文从产品开发的标准化的一些内容来探讨企业产品开发过程标准化对产品开发质量的影响.