DIN-Norm-orientierte Standard-Spezifikationen für Rührwerke

DIN Standard-Oriented Specifications for Stirring Systems. Stirring as a unit operation is characterised by universal application possibilities for material and energy transmission in process industries. DIN standards provide an overview of the wide variety of equipment in technical use and define the conditions for low-cost, exchangeable standard stirring systems. In many cases important process parameters are fixed only for a limited time. Possible operation time should be long, therefore performance reserves are justified; they will be useful for later tasks as well as for improving safety of existing processes. Engineering of such stirring systems requires definition of standard stirring tasks. This article deals with economic aspects, defines standard stirring tasks as well as design conditions and shows the principal engineering data of standard stirring systems for stainless steel vessels up to 20 m³ by means of pictures, tables and nomograms. In conclusion, adequate processing of construction materials as well as surface finishing and practical work with standard specifications for stirring systems are discussed.     

Effect of center block structure on the physical and rheological properties of ABA block copolymers. Part II. Rheological properties

The effect of the chemical structure of the center block on the rheological properties of ABA block copolymers with polystyrene end blocks has been investigated. The chemical structure of the center blocks investigated in the present paper are polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/propylene copolymer and polydimethyl-siloxane. The chemical structure of the center block was found to have a pronounced effect on the rheological properties of the ABA block copolymer melts. The long range relaxation times of these block copolymer melts increases with increasing incompatibility between the styrene block and the center block. However, the rheological properties of the block copolymers are not influenced significantly by the glass transition or the entanglement molecular weight of the center block.     

Der Sicherheitsaspekt beim Eintrag von Schüttgütern in Behälter

Safety aspects of charging bulk material into vessels or containers . The safe charging of bulk material requires a careful analysis of the potential sources of danger which can result from the physical properties of the materials and the design and construction material of plant and equipment. The method adopted in this analysis is illustrated and explained for selected examples. Criteria for safe charging methods are compiled and explained. A selection of proven charging equipment is listed and technically evaluated with respect to safety and operating criteria. Steps that must be taken to avoid charging errors are discussed. Special problems encountered on connecting pressureless charging devices to pressure vessels are outlined explained. The utilization of inert gas as a preferred method of explosion protection is discussed. Various methods are compared, and their application to special problems in charging bulk material is illustrated.     

Adaptronic Vibration Damping for Machine Tools

A newly designed adaptronic component with a powerful piezo-stack actuator for active damping of machine vibrations is presented in this paper. Especially for machine tools with parallel kinematics, which feature lightweight structures and which are built in order to obtain high processing speeds, the active damping of machine vibrations is important to achieve the desired system performance. Extensive simulation studies with flexible multibody systems in order to test different control algorithms such as dissipative control, integrated force feedback or H₂/H_∞ control and recent experimental results show the high potential to improve the system behavior.     

Isothermal section at 1673 K of the Mo–Ru–Si diagram and crystallographic structures of ternary phases

Efforts to improve the high temperature behavior of MoSi₂ in oxidizing environments led to the investigation of the Mo–Ru–Si phase diagram. The isothermal section at 1673 K was determined by X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopies and EPMA. Five new silicides were identified and their crystallographic structure was characterized using conventional and synchrotron X-ray as well as neutron powder diffraction. Mo₁₅Ru₃₅Si₅₀, denoted α-phase, is of FeSi-type structure, space group P2₁3, a=4.7535 (5) Å, D_x=7.90 g. cm⁻³, Bragg R=7.13. Mo₆₀Ru₃₀Si₁₀ is the ordered extension of the Mo₇₀Ru₃₀ σ-phase with space group P4₂/mnm, a=9.45940(8) Å, c=4.94273(5) Å, D_x=6.14 g. cm⁻³, Bragg R=5.75.     

The hands-free telephone problem: an annotated bibliography update

Providing means for a full-duplex hands-free telephone conversation is still a research topic in many communication and signal processing laboratories around the world. More than ninety publications mainly from the last two and a half years support this statement. The reason for these activities lies in the complexity of the problem: full-duplex telephone communication without hand-sets requires electronic replicas of the loudspeaker-enclosure-microphone systems used by the communicating parties. The impulse response of such a system is typically several 100 ms long and time varying. Therefore, the replica has to be adaptive while the adaptation is controlled by speech signals. Regarding these requirements the hands-free telephone problem may currently be considered as one of the most challenging signal processing problems. This bibliography supplements a bibliography composed approximately two and a half years ago [29]. Brief summaries are given on papers published since then.     

Simulation process of flexible multibody systems with non-modal model order reduction techniques

One important issue for the simulation of flexible multibody systems is the reduction of the flexible body’s degrees of freedom. In this work, nonmodal model reduction techniques for flexible multibody systems within the floating frame of reference framework are considered. While traditionally in the multibody community modal techniques in many different forms are used, here other methods from system dynamics and mathematics are in the focus. For the reduction process, finite element data and user inputs are necessary. Prior to the reduction process, the user first needs to choose boundary conditions fitting the chosen reference frame before defining the appropriate in- and outputs. In this work, four different possibilities of modeling appropriate interface points to reduce the number of inputs and outputs are presented.