Stoffumsatz bei diskontinuierlichen und kontinuierlichen Stahlerzeugungsverfahren

Bedeutung kontinuierlicher Verfahren. Stoffumsatz im diskontinuierlich betriebenen Reaktor. Grenzflächenvergrößerung durch Emulgierung der Phasen. Kontinuierlicher Gleichstromreaktor. Verweilzeitspektrum von einem Reaktor und von Reaktorkaskaden. Stoffumsatz in der Reaktorkaskade. Stoffumsatz im Gegenstrom ohne und mit Rückvermischung. Übergangsfunktion einer 6 m langen elektromagnetischen Gegenstromrinne. Abschätzung des Grenzflächenvergrößerungsfaktors. Einfluß der Tropfenverteilungen zwischen Schlacke und Metall.     

Einfluß des Gefüges auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Gußeisen mit rd. 3% C und 14% Cr für Walzen

Ermittlung der mechanischen Eigenschaften unterschiedlicher Bereiche gegossener Walzen mit 360 mm Ballendurchmesser und 200 mm Zapfendurchmesser aus drei Schmelzen eines Gußeisens mit rd. 3% C, 0,8% Si, 0,8% Mn, 0,14% P, 0,014% S, 14,2% Cr, 0,35% Mo und 0,5% Ni in zwei Wärmebehandlungszuständen. Zahlenmäßiger Zusammenhang zwischen der Biegefließgrenze und geeigneten Kennwerten für den Gefügezustand unter Bezugnahme auf die Beanspruchungsrichtung. Einfluß des Gefügezustandes auf das Formänderungsverhalten im statischen Biegeversuch.     

High pressure effect on polyethylene crosslinking initiated by benzoyl peroxide

High pressure effects (300, 600, and 800 MPa) on polyethylene crosslinking initiated by benzoyl peroxide have been studied at 120°C. An increase in pressure leads to a decrease in yield of the insoluble gel; the yields at 300, 600, and 800 MPa were respectively 96, 86, and 79%. With increasing pressure the rate of polyethylene crosslinking decreases and the rate of benzoyl peroxide decomposition at 300, 600, 800 MPa can be anticipated from the time of crosslinking. The activation volume $\text{ΔV}{}^3\text{=9.1}\text{cm}{}^3\text{mol}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$ was determined for benzoyl peroxide decomposition on polyethylene at 120°C.     

A double-blind multicenter trial comparing sertraline and citalopram in patients with major depression treated in general practice

The purpose of this double-blind, multicenter trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of sertraline (50-150 mg/day) with those of citalopram (20-60 mg/day) in patients with major depression in general practice during 24 weeks of treatment. The patients were assessed using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impressions of severity and improvement scales. Observed and spontaneously reported adverse events were recorded and side-effects were assessed by means of the UKU Side-Effect Scale. Altogether 400 patients were randomized into the study. A total of 308 patients completed the 24-week study in accordance with the protocol. A significant reduction in the total Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale scores was observed in both treatment groups as early as 2 weeks, with no statistically significant differences between the drugs. In the intention to treat-last observation carried forward analysis 76% responded to treatment in the sertraline and 81% in the citalopram group. The final mean doses were 82 mg/day (64% higher than baseline) in the sertraline group and 34 mg/day (70% higher than baseline) in the citalopram group. The response rate in completers in accordance with protocol was 90% in the sertraline group and 93% in the citalopram group. The side-effects were those usually seen, and both sertraline and citalopram were considered to be well tolerated. It was concluded that patients with major depression in general practice respond well to 24 weeks of treatment with sertraline or citalopram. With regard to efficacy, no statistically significant differences were found between the drugs.     

Mu opioid receptor phosphorylation, desensitization, and ligand efficacy

Mu opioid receptors are subject to phosphorylation and desensitization through actions of at least two distinct biochemical pathways: agonist-dependent mu receptor phosphorylation and desensitization induced by a biochemically distinct second pathway dependent on protein kinase C activation (1). To better understand the nature of the agonist-induced mu receptor phosphorylation events, we have investigated the effects of a variety of opiate ligands of varying potencies and intrinsic activities on mu receptor phosphorylation and desensitization. Exposure to the potent full agonists sufentanil, dihydroetorphine, etorphine, etonitazine, and [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Glyol5]enkephalin (DAMGO) led to strong receptor phosphorylation, while methadone, l-alpha-acetylmethadone (LAAM), morphine, meperidine, DADL, beta-endorphin(1-31), enkephalins, and dynorphin A(1-17) produced intermediate effects. The partial agonist buprenorphine minimally enhanced receptor phosphorylation while antagonists failed to alter phosphorylation. Buprenorphine and full antagonists each antagonized the enhanced mu receptor phosphorylation induced by morphine or DAMGO. The rank order of opiate ligand efficacies in producing mu receptor-mediated functional desensitization generally paralleled their rank order of efficacies in producing receptor phosphorylation. Interestingly, the desensitization and phosphorylation mediated by methadone and LAAM were disproportionate to their efficacies in two distinct test systems. This generally good fit between the efficacies of opiates in mu receptor activation, phosphorylation, and desensitization supports the idea that activated receptor/agonist/G-protein complexes and/or receptor conformational changes induced by agonists are required for agonist-induced mu receptor phosphorylation. Data for methadone and LAAM suggest possible contribution from their enhanced desensitizing abilities to their therapeutic efficacies.     

Das Zustandsschaubild FeO–NiO und die Gleichgewichte zwischen FeO-NiO-(Al2O3-)Schlacken und Eisen-Nickel-Schmelzen bei Temperaturen der Stahlerzeugung

Reaktionen zwischen Eisen, Nickel, Nickel(II)-oxyd und Eisen(II)-oxyd. Aufstellung des Zustandsschaubilds FeO–NiO durch Differential-Thermoanalyse. Bad-Schlacken-Gleichgewichte zwischen Eisen-Nickel-Schmelzen und FeO-NiO-Schlacken des Systems Eisen–Nickel–Sauerstoff bei 1560 bis 1640 °C. Al₂O₃-Gehalte der FeO-NiO-Schlacken. Sauerstofflöslichkeit unter FeO-NiO-Al₂O₃-Schlacken. Aktivitäten und Gleichgewichte in den untersuchten Bad- und Schlackenphasen.     

Untersuchungen zum Stoffübergang von Mangan aus Fe-Mn-Schmelzen in hoch-FeOn-haltige Schlacken bei permanentem Phasenkontakt

Ermittlung von Stoffübergangskoeffizienten und deren Vergleich mit Schrifttumsangaben. Feststellung von zwei Reaktionsabschnitten nach Aufgabe von flüssiger Frischschlacke auf das ruhende Metallbad in Al₂O₃- und MgO-Tiegeln. Beeinflussung der Stoffübergangsgeschwindigkeit durch Grenzflächenerscheinungen und Vergrößerung der Stoffaustauschfläche durch gleichzeitige Tiegelauflösung.