A mixed starter culture containing exopolysaccharide (EPS)‐producing strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was combined with Lactobacillus helveticus LH301 and used in the manufacture of low‐fat and reduced‐fat Kasar cheeses. For comparison, low‐fat (C10) and reduced‐fat (C20) cheeses were made using EPS‐producing (EPS+) starter strain and EPS‐non‐producing (EPS?) starter strain. The physicochemical properties of the cheeses were assessed in terms of chemical composition, texture, microstructure and microbial content over 90 days. Cheeses made with EPS‐producing culture (EPS10 and EPS20) had lower protein contents than control cheeses with 10% and 20% fat in dry basis (C10 and C20). Scanning electron microscopy images showed that using EPS‐producing culture resulted in a less compact protein matrix and sponge‐like structure in the cheese samples. In general, cheeses made using EPS‐producing culture had lower total viable counts. This could be related to the reduced survivability of EPS‐producing cells in the cheese matrix during ripening due to autolysis ability. 相似文献
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Local soil characteristics play a key role in determining soil-structure interaction and reliability of the superstructure behavior under... 相似文献
pantograph–catenary system is one of the critical components used in electrical trains. It ensures the transmission of the electrical energy to the train taken from the substation that is required for electrical trains. The condition monitoring and early diagnosis for pantograph–catenary systems are very important in terms of rail transport disruption. In this study, a new method is proposed for arc detection in the pantograph–catenary system based signal processing and S-transform. Arc detection and condition monitoring were achieved by using current signals received from a real pantograph–catenary system. Firstly, model based current data for pantograph–catenary system is obtained from Mayr arc model. The method with S-transform is developed by using this current data. Noises on the current signal are eliminated by applying a low pass filter to the current signal. The peak values of the noiseless signals are determined by taking absolute values of these signals in a certain frequency range. After the data of the peak points has been normalized, a new signal will be obtained by combining these points via a linear interpolation method. The frequency-time analysis was realized by applying S-transform on the signal obtained from peak values. Feature extraction that obtained by S-matrix was used in the fuzzy system. The current signal is detected the contdition as healthy or faulty by using the outputs of the fuzzy system. Furthermore the real-time processing of the proposed method is examined by applying to the current signal received from a locomotive. 相似文献
Accidents in the industry, especially in the field of aerospace, are quite common. Damages like tears cracks and holes occur especially when small sand particles present in the airfield collide with the body and wings of an airplane during takeoff and landing. This torn, cracked, or pierced region should be repaired gently. Damaged parts are frequently small regions for which repair is more suitable than complete replacement as workmanship; cost and time are an important concept in today’s world.
A gap occurs between the patches if double-bonded patches are used in the repair of the damaged parts. In this study, the region between patches in a joint with and without intermediate parts was modeled and its effect on strength was examined numerically and experimentally. The effects of patch thickness, overlap length, adherent thickness, and gap length on the strength of the joints with and without intermediate part was compared. The results show that the intermediate part does not have any influence on the strength of the lap joint such that double strap joints without intermediate part have higher failure load. Additionally, it is seen that the failure load decreased with increasing patch thickness and increased with the thickness of the adherent. 相似文献