Alteration of memory in the reduction of children's distress during repeated aversive medical procedures.

The present study sought to reduce children's distress during aversive medical procedures using a brief cost-effective intervention aimed at reframing memory. Fifty children diagnosed with leukemia (25 treatment, 25 attention control, aged 3–18) were observed as they underwent 3 consecutive lumbar punctures (LPs; baseline, postintervention, and follow-up). Self-report, physiological, and observable distress measures were collected before and after each LP. At posttreatment, children in the intervention group showed reductions in anticipatory physiological and self-report ratings relative to the control group. At follow-up, these effects generalized to reductions in procedural distress. These results suggest that (a) a simple memory-based intervention is efficacious at reducing children's distress and (b) benefits from this intervention are maintained over 1 week even without continued intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

设计师的地球工程“工具箱”：危机给予风景园林师扭转、修复和再生地球气候的机会

当前，风景园林师的气候危机（CC）教育强调“弹性”（快速恢复能力）和适应力（应对CC影响的能力）。探索并倡导缓解方案，以期从根源上解决CC问题。该实践表明，风景园林专业地位独特，在缓解及修复气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。专家一致认为，应对气候变化不能仅依靠减排或减少化石燃料消耗量。联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）2019年发布的《全球增暖1.5 ℃特别报告》指出，过量二氧化碳已带来诸多全球变暖的后果，必须采取其他行动减少碳排量。大气脱碳的应对方案与风景园林专业直接相关，其中陆上气候应对方案是公认途径，可减少人为诱发的二氧化碳排放量。基于地球工程学（GE）探讨了一系列方法，总结可纳入风景园林师工具箱的诸多补救措施，并通过代表案例分析各种措施的实际应用。这些工具中有许多涉及设置不同规模的自然和生物系统，且需要相对较长的时间才能发挥生态效用。因此，除了短期策略，本研究也将讨论基于前沿技术的GE工具以避免灾难性影响，并提出在必要情况下，可以采用减缓与减排相结合的方式。     

Consideration of several mental workload categories: perspectives for elaboration of new ergonomic recommendations concerning shiftwork

In this article, a reflection is presented concerning consideration of several mental workloads in ergonomics to describe work situation. For that, results of three experiments are recalled and put into perspective to understand relationships between mental workload and performance, and between different measures of mental workload. A integrative model IWA for individual – mental workload – activity is presented to explain interactions between task parameters, individual characteristics and contextual characteristics showing relevance to consider all the elements of a work situation to can estimate the more correctly possible mental workload supported by operator. Then, discussion on relevance of mental workload measures permits to highlight the lack of exhaustive measures of different components of mental workload. Finally, methodological propositions with a diagnostic or prognostic approach are presented in order to consider all elements described in model IWA.     

Discovery of a New Class of Non‐imidazole Oxazoline‐Based Histamine H3 Receptor (H3R) Inverse Agonists

H ₃ R inverse agonists based on an aminopropoxy‐phenyloxazoline framework constitute highly valuable druglike lead compounds that display efficacy in a mouse model of recognition memory.

     

Proximal composition and in vitro starch digestibility in flaxseed‐added corn tortilla

BACKGROUND: The effect of addition of flaxseed flour (10:90, 15:85 and 20:80, w/w) on the chemical composition and starch digestibility of corn tortilla was investigated. Tortillas were baked and frozen in liquid nitrogen, freeze‐dried, ground and analyzed for fat, protein, ash, total starch (TS), available starch (AS) and resistant starch (RS) contents as well as for starch hydrolysis rate and predicted glycemic index (pGI). Tortillas made from commercial nixtamalized corn flour were used as control sample. RESULTS: Flaxseed flour addition increased the fat and protein content of tortilla, whereas TS and AS decreased. TS was 15.25% lower in the 20% flaxseed‐containing tortilla as compared to the control sample. The AS content was 12.65% lower in the composite tortilla. RS content in the samples ranged between 1.92% for the control sample and 5.08% for the tortilla containing 20% flaxseed. The reduced enzymatic starch hydrolysis rate and pGI recorded for the flaxseed‐added tortilla, indicated slow digestion features. CONCLUSIONS: Flaxseed‐added tortilla might be used to increase the consumption of α‐linolenic acid in the daily diet and modulate starch digestibility of corn tortilla. This kind of product may be used by people with special diet reqirements. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry