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61.
62.
Sarason Barbara R.; Shearin Edward N.; Pierce Gregory R.; Sarason Irwin G. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1987,52(4):813
To obtain a clearer picture of what constitutes social support, we conducted three studies to compare measures of different conceptions of social support. Relations of these instruments to various personality measures were also investigated. Subdividing the construct into discrete functions did not add to the sensitivity of the indices. Measures of received support and support networks were not strongly related to most of the perceived available support measures. Interview and questionnaire approaches were similar in the information they evoked about close supportive relationships. The results suggest that measures of perceived available support, regardless of the way the instruments attempt to break down the construct, generally assess the extent to which an individual is accepted, loved, and involved in relationships in which communication is open. Psychometric characteristics of the measures were associated with differential sensitivity over the range of supportive relationships. The theoretical implications of the findings are discussed with emphasis on the common core underlying social support indices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
63.
E. J. Wisniewski and G. L. Murphy (see record 2004-22496-015) suggested that the apparent effects of relation frequency in C. L. Gagné and E. J. Shoben's (1997; see record 1997-02349-004) conceptual combination experiments could be explained by differences between the familiarity and plausibility of their stimuli (noun-noun phrases). However, C. L. Gagné and T. L. Spalding (see record 2006-20573-017) argued that Wisniewski and Murphy's measures of plausibility and frequency are both sensitive to relation frequency. They also suggested that the stimuli were mostly novel, such that differences in familiarity could not explain Gagné and Shoben's findings. The current authors focus on the theoretical rationale for the plausibility and familiarity variables, arguing that the original interpretation of their findings is correct. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
64.
James M. Watkins Ronald Dermott Stephen J. Lozano Edward L. Mills Lars G. Rudstam Jill V. Scharold 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2007,33(3):642-657
The status of invasive dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis) and native amphipods (Diporeia spp.) in Lake Ontario was assessed in 2003 and compared with historical data. D. polymorpha (zebra mussels) were rarely observed in 2003, having been displaced by D. bugensis (quagga mussels). D. bugensis expanded its depth range from 38 m depth in 1995 to 174 m in 2003 and this dreissenid reached densities averaging 8,000/m2 at all sites < 90 m. During the same time period, Diporeia populations almost completely disappeared from 0–90 m depth, continuing a declining trend from 1994–1997 reported in previous studies. The average density of Diporeia in the 30–90 m depth interval decreased from 1,380/m2 to 63/m2 between 1997 and 2003. Prior to 2003, areas deeper than 90 m represented a refuge for Diporeia, but even these deep populations decreased, with densities declining from 2,181/m2 in 1999 to 545/m2 in 2003. Two common hypotheses for the decline of Diporeia in the Great Lakes are food limitation and a toxin/pathogen associated with dreissenid pseudofeces. The Diporeia decline in deep waters preceded the expansion of D. bugensis to these depths, and suggests that shallow dreissenid populations remotely influence profundal habitats. This pattern of decline is consistent with mechanisms that act from some distance including nearshore dreissenid grazing and downslope transport of pseudofeces. 相似文献
65.
Dmitry Beletsky Doran M. Mason David J. Schwab Edward S. Rutherford John Janssen David F. Clapp John M. Dettmers 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2007,33(4):842-866
Potential for large-scale physical transport processes to affect recruitment of Lake Michigan yellow perch (Perca flavescens) was studied by examining the variation in larval distribution, growth rate, and settlement during June–August 1998–2003 using a 3D particle transport model linked with an individual-based bioenergetics growth model. In all years, virtual larvae were released nearshore in southwestern Lake Michigan, a known and important spawning region for yellow perch. For any given year, the same circulation pattern and water temperature either promoted or reduced yellow perch settlement depending on the consumption rates and settlement size chosen in the growth model. Increased consumption increased the number of settled larvae and expanded the total area where larvae settled, whereas increased settlement size reduced the number of settled larvae and reduced the overall settlement area. Interannual variability in circulation patterns and water temperature also resulted in contrasting larval settlement rates, settlement locations, and size of settlement areas between years. Model predictions were most consistent with field observations of age-0 yellow perch from Illinois and Michigan waters when settlement was assumed to occur at 50 mm. Moreover, our model suggests that larvae originating from southwestern Lake Michigan can recruit anywhere within the southern basin and even in the northern basin. Future model improvement will require information on the relative contribution of various sectors to the larval pool, their distribution with reference to the hydrodynamic landscape, the feeding and growth of yellow perch during their pelagic phase, and the size at transition to demersal stage. 相似文献
66.
The formation of fibril surface area during craze growth requires a loss of entangled strand density in the fibrils themselves. To demonstrate the decrease in entangled chain density, thin films of polystyrene are bonded to soft copper grids and strained in tension. This procedure produces crazed specimens in which the craze fibrils can be characterized by a well-defined draw ratio,
0. The films are then exposed to electron irradiation. This produces chemical crosslinks between the molecules, thus forming a crosslinked network. Subsequent heating of the film aboveT
g results in the entanglement network trying to retract to=1. The crosslink network, however, tries to maintain the. of the craze fibrils at
0. The craze fibrils thus retract to Ferry's state of ease,
S, where the tension of the entanglement network is balanced by the compression of the crosslink network. Measurements of
s in crazes crosslinked and then healed confirm that a 25 to 50% loss of entanglement density in craze fibrils occurs, in agreement with theoretical predictions. 相似文献
67.
Dilute 3-component 1-phase solutions in methylene chloride of poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) PSAN and polycarbonate PC are used to cast phase separated thin films. Films of pure PSAN, pure PC and five intermediate compositions are examined. The films are bonded to copper grids and strained at a constant rate of 4.1 × 10–6sec–1. The median tensile strain
v for void formation is determined using an optical microscope and the regions surrounding the voids are examined by TEM. At room temperature and slow strain rates both PSAN and PC plastically deform by shear yielding. For pure PSAN
v was found to be 0.13 whereas for PC
v exceeds 0.23. The addition of the more ductile polymer PC to PSAN at weight fractionsx forx 0.4 decreases
v. In this case voids form in crazes at the boundaries between the PC-rich inclusion and the PSAN-rich matrix. When the PC content is increased tox = 0.8,
v approaches 0.23. The effect of physical ageing (annealing belowT
g the glass transition temperature) on the mode of plastic deformation was also examined over the same compositional range. Physical ageing was found to suppress shear deformation and favour crazing in PSAN and PSAN-rich phases. Because crazes are more susceptible to breakdown than DZ's (shear deformation zones), physical ageing results in a marked decrease in
v. The breakdown statistics of these phase separated partially compatible blends was found to follow a Weibull distribution in strain from which two parameters may be extracted: the Weibull modulus and
w the Weibull scale parameter. is a measure of the breadth of distribution of void initiation and
w is a measure of the median strain to void formation in the films. The behaviour of
w was found to approximately mirror
v. The Weibull modulus appears to be primarily controlled by the matrix phase. 相似文献
68.
Christopher L Brown Gillian Bushell Michael W Whitehouse DS Agrawal SG Tupe KM Paknikar Edward RT Tiekink 《Gold bulletin》2007,40(3):245-250
Nanosized gold particles (27 +/− 3 nm) have been proven to be effective in ameliorating the symptoms of mycobacterial-, collagen-
and pristane-induced arthritis in rat models. This contrasts with the drug sodium aurothiomalate that was only effective against
mycobacterial-induced arthritis but not to the same extent as Au0. Gold in the traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine,Swarna bhasma (gold ash), has been characterized as globular particles of gold with an average size of 56–57 nm. 相似文献
69.
JOM - This paper provides some insight into an area that has been neglected, namely the possibility of developing high-strength, niobium-base alloys by improved oxidation resistance via the... 相似文献
70.
Some months ago the submarine Nautilus was in dock for refueling. It had traveled 60,000 miles, but the total uranium used would make a lump smaller than a light bulb. This is only one example that the Atomic Age is here with us, now! How and where does this incredible Atomic Age challenge the first and greatest of America’s basic industries? 相似文献