Predicted heats of combustion of some important organosilicon intermediates

This short communication presents the predicted heats of combustion of 308 organosilicon intermediates. The net and gross heats of combustion were predicted using two previously developed empirical equations. These intermediates cover most of the important organosilicon compounds that are manufactured or used in the silicone industry. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ontogeny of defensive reactions in Norway rats.

In 3 experiments, 219 Sprague-Dawley albino rats of several ages were presented with stimuli (a caged domestic cat, a footshock, and a suddenly moving object) known to be aversive to adults and disruptive of behavior in mature animals. 20-day-old Ss were relatively unaffected by these events, while Ss aged 30 days and older tended to reduce their locomotion and freeze upon the presentation of these cues. Data are consistent with R. C. Bolles's (1970, 1971) hypothesis that shock-elicited responses are innate defensive reactions. It is suggested that the inefficient passive avoidance learning in juvenile rats may result from their deficit in shock-induced freezing. (41 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Enzymic browning in green olives and its prevention

The browning of green olives, which results from mechanical injury, was followed by measuring the reflectance from the fruit surface at 545 nm. The process is enzymic, apparently catalysed by catechol oxidase. It could not be prevented by inhibitors of the enzyme or by reducing agents, due to the impermeability of the whole fruit to these compounds. Dipping the fruit in 0.4 % NaOH prevented the formation of brown spots following mechanical injury.     

A control-to-target architecture for process control

In this paper, we present an architecture for a run-to-run supervisory process control system that allows the engineer to tailor the form of control for specific processes. The architecture supports different degrees of control, from model-based control to statistical process control to diagnosis. The architecture is compatible with different techniques for model optimization, data acquisition and analysis, and model adjustment and feedback. A primary feature of this architecture is that engineers can define processes In terms of their desired effects, and use process models that transform those effects into machine settings. We have used object technology as the basis for our design and implementation of the architecture. Object-oriented modeling provides the flexibility required to support the varying degrees of control required in a large-scale manufacturing facility. In this paper, we define the components of the architecture, and describe in detail a process control system that was built with this architecture and used in the Computer Integrated manufacturing (CIM) system built for the Microelectronics Manufacturing Science and Technology (MMST) demonstration facility. Although the architecture was developed for the purpose of controlling semiconductor manufacturing processes, the principles behind the architecture may be applied to the control of any process     

The effect of ion irradiation on the adherence of germanium films

Germanium films deposited under simultaneous argon ion irradiation show substantially better adherence on glass and other substrate materials than conventionally produced films.The ion bombardment leads to a strengthening of the interfacial bonding, an effect believed to be associated with a thin layer of intermediate composition produced at the substrate surface by ion knock-on processes. In addition irradiation causes a significant reduction in film stress.     

Determination of antibiotics in different water compartments via liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

The mechanisms by which BCG exerts its antitumour activity remain unclear. Attachment of BCG to the bladder via FN has been shown to be an important step in initiating its antitumorigenic activity. The mechanism(s) by which BCG operates requires LAK cells, BCG-activated killer cells, T lymphocytes (CD4) helper cells and CD8 suppressor/cytotoxic cells) and monocytes. The optimal route of administration is intravesical. The efficacy of a BCG vaccine depends on the viability, dose and strain. Differences in efficacy and side-effects have not been shown between different strains. Low-dose regimens successfully protect from recurrences, with fewer side-effects. The initial schedule of BCG is a course of six instillations in 6 weeks; when the patient fails this course, two possibilities arise. The first is maintenance therapy; response rates improve but there is more local and systemic toxicity. The second is a further 6-week course, and this seems most useful in those with a sustained response to the initial treatment. The clinical response to BCG therapy can be monitored using cytokine measurements or p53 determinations. Toxicity remains a major problem in BCG treatment and triple antituberculosis combination therapy should be given for 3 months in those with severe systemic side-effects. The use of prophylactic isoniazid is not recommend to decrease side-effects. The clinical results of BCG have been good, with success rates of 58-100%, with a minimal follow-up of one year in prophylaxis. BCG seems superior to intravesical therapy, but at the cost of inducing more adverse effects. BCG is not indicated for low- and intermediate-risk patients, in whom chemotherapy is the first choice. BCG can also be used to eliminate tumour after an incomplete TUR, or in patients who are unfit for surgery, with a 60-70% success rate. The primary and best treatment for CIS is intravesical BCG; encouraging results have been reported, with success rate of 42-83% after a minimal follow-up of one year. Although currently BCG seems to be the choice for high-risk superficial TCC, many questions remain unanswered, especially about the mechanism(s) of action, the optimal dose and clinical schedule.     

INTRACTABILITY IN THE ALLEN AND KOOMEN PLANNER

The Allen and Koomen planner is intractable in two ways: the Allen interval algebra is an intractable temporal reasoner, and the collapsing problem introduces a large branching factor in the search space for a solution plan. We define independence and dependence for networks to address both problems. Independence is used to find a decomposition of an interval network, and dependence is used to focus search when faced with the collapsing problem.