Alternate metal virtual ground (AMG)-a new scaling concept for veryhigh-density EPROMs

A new erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) array concept that reduces the cell size to the poly pitch in both directions is introduced. The key concepts that made the dramatic scaling possible are the virtual ground array with one metal line for every two diffusion bit lines, the segmentation of every other bit line, and the fieldless array. The cell size on 0.8-μm technology is 2.56 μm² and a 1-μmm² cell is under development on a 0.5-μm technology for the 64-Mb product. These cells are smaller by a factor of 2-3 than the standard EPROM cell on the same technology. The new array concept and its advantages are expandable to flash memories     

Permanganate oxidation of oleic acid using emulsion technology

Free oleic acid is emulsified in water and oxidized using potassium permanganate, to azelaic and pelargonic acids together with dihydroxy-, ketohydroxy-and diketo-stearic acids at neutral pH. The yield and the products distribution are controlled by: the type of emulsifier and its concentration; the oleic acid concentration in the emulsion; and the oleic acid-oxidant ratio.     

Closed form solutions for water-filling problems in?optimization and?game frameworks

We study power control in optimization and game frameworks. In the optimization framework there is a single decision maker who assigns network resources and in the game framework users share the network resources according to Nash equilibrium. The solution of these problems is based on so-called water-filling technique, which in turn uses bisection method for solution of non-linear equations for Lagrange multipliers. Here we provide a closed form solution to the water-filling problem, which allows us to solve it in a finite number of operations. Also, we produce a closed form solution for the Nash equilibrium in symmetric Gaussian interference game with an arbitrary number of users. Even though the game is symmetric, there is an intrinsic hierarchical structure induced by the quantity of the resources available to the users. We use this hierarchical structure to perform a successive reduction of the game. In addition to its mathematical beauty, the explicit solution allows one to study limiting cases when the crosstalk coefficient is either small or large. We provide an alternative simple proof of the convergence of the Iterative Water Filling Algorithm. Furthermore, it turns out that the convergence of Iterative Water Filling Algorithm slows down when the crosstalk coefficient is large. Using the closed form solution, we can avoid this problem. Finally, we compare the non-cooperative approach with the cooperative approach and show that the non-cooperative approach results in a more fair resource distribution.     

A Novel Rodent Model of Hypertensive Cerebral Small Vessel Disease with White Matter Hyperintensities and Peripheral Oxidative Stress

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the second most common cause of stroke and a major contributor to dementia. Manifestations of CSVD include cerebral microbleeds, intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH), lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and enlarged perivascular spaces. Chronic hypertensive models have been found to reproduce most key features of the disease. Nevertheless, no animal models have been identified to reflect all different aspects of the human disease. Here, we described a novel model for CSVD using salt-sensitive ‘Sabra’ hypertension-prone rats (SBH/y), which display chronic hypertension and enhanced peripheral oxidative stress. SBH/y rats were either administered deoxycorticosteroid acetate (DOCA) (referred to as SBH/y-DOCA rats) or sham-operated and provided with 1% NaCl in drinking water. Rats underwent neurological assessment and behavioral testing, followed by ex vivo MRI and biochemical and histological analyses. SBH/y-DOCA rats show a neurological decline and cognitive impairment and present multiple cerebrovascular pathologies associated with CSVD, such as ICH, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, blood vessel stenosis, BBB permeability and inflammation. Remarkably, SBH/y-DOCA rats show severe white matter pathology as well as WMH, which are rarely reported in commonly used models. Our model may serve as a novel platform for further understanding the mechanisms underlying CSVD and for testing novel therapeutics.