工艺与合金元素对镁锶系合金微观组织的影响

采用"熔-浸"热还原法,制备了具有优良组织结构的镁锶系列(Mg-Sr、Mg-Sr-Y、Mg-Sr-Zn、Mg-Sr-Zn-Y)镁合金。借助OM、SEM和XRD等测试技术,研究了工艺与合金元素对镁锶系合金微观组织结构的影响。结果表明:较低温下加入SrO有助于镁锶合金中Mg17Sr2相的形成;随镁锶合金冷却速度的增大,晶界处长条状Mg17Sr2相变成颗粒状和短条状;锶、钇和锌的加入均细化了镁锶合金的显微组织,多种元素的复合效果优于添加单一元素的作用;在镁锶形成共晶组织的基础上,Mg-Sr-Y合金在枝晶内和枝晶间形成了Mg24Y5相,在Mg-Sr-Zn-Y合金中形成了Mg12YZn相。     

Upon the characterization of semi-synthetic hydrogels based on poly (NIPAM) inserted onto collagen sponge

The preparation of a semi-synthetic hydrogel based on poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-diethylene glycol diacrylate) inserted onto a collagen porous membrane, it was previous presented. The synthesis of the hydrogels was performed through radical copolymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) with diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA) also as crosslinking agent, using ammonium persulfate as initiator and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene diamine activator, and it was achieved in the presence of the collagen matrix. In this paper the thus prepared hydrogels are characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy and for their swelling capacities. A kinetic model was studied to investigate the swelling mechanism of the semi-interpenetrated polymeric network. The swelling behavior was found dependent on the hydrogel composition and to the external stimuli such as temperature and pH of environment. This manner of acting recommends these materials as smart materials with potential applications in tissue engineering and pharmaceutical field as for example bioproducts carrier matrices.     

Detection of nano-oxidation sites on the surface of hemoglobin crystals using tip-enhanced Raman scattering

Hemoglobin nanocrystals were analyzed with tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) and conventional resonance Raman scattering (RRS) using 532 nm excitation. The extremely high spatial resolution of TERS enables selective enhancement of heme, protein, and amino acid bands from the crystal surface not observed in the SERRS or RRS spectra. Two bands appearing at 1378 and 1355 cm(-1) assigned to the ferric and ferrous oxidation state marker bands, respectively, were observed in both TERS and SERRS spectra but not in the RRS spectrum of the bulk sample. The results indicate that nanoscale oxidation changes are occurring at the hemoglobin crystal surface. These changes could be explained by oxygen exchange at the crystal surface and demonstrate the potential of the TERS technique to obtain structural information not possible with conventional Raman microscopy.     

Green Synthesis of Acetals/Ketals: Efficient Solvent-Free Process for the Carbonyl/Hydroxyl Group Protection Catalyzed by SBA-15 Materials

Acetals/ketals derived from the aldehydes/ketones are easily prepared under solventless conditions. The process is heterogeneously catalysed using acid or basic mesoporous molecular sieves Al-SBA-15 and (Cs)Al-SBA-15. The catalytic procedure herein reported is applied to the preparation of the key intermediates for the synthesis of {3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexane-1,6-diyl)]}di-1H-imidazole 2 with potential biomedical applications.     

Optoelectronic properties of chemically deposited Bi2S3 thin films and the photovoltaic performance of Bi2S3/P3OT solar cells

Thin films of bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃), prepared on conductive tin-doped indium oxide (ITO)-glass substrates by chemical deposition showed a variation of optical band gap with thickness: 1.8 eV for a 50 nm film (deposited at 40 °C for 30 min) to 1.5 eV for a 200 nm film deposited for 2 h. The electronegativity for Bi₂S₃ compound is 5.3 eV, as estimated from the ionization energy and electron affinity of elemental Bi and S, and thus the electron affinity of chemically deposited Bi₂S₃ film was deduced to be 4.5 eV. In the energy level analysis of ITO/Bi₂S₃/P3OT/Au structure, Bi₂S₃ was established as an electron acceptor. To produce ITO/Bi₂S₃/P3OT/Au solar cell structures, poly3-octylthiophene (P3OT), prepared in the laboratory was dissolved in toluene and was drop-cast on the Bi₂S₃ film and a gold film was thermally evaporated. Under 100 mW/cm² tungsten-halogen irradiation incident from the ITO-side, the cell using a Bi₂S₃ film with thickness of 50 nm has the highest open circuit voltage (V_oc) of 440 mV and short-circuit current density (J_sc) of 0.022 mA/cm². The addition of a CdS thin film (90 nm) between ITO and B₂S₃ would increase V_oc to 480 mV, and J_sc to 0.035 mA/cm². The role of surface morphology and optoelectronic properties of the Bi₂S₃ film in the photovoltaic performance of the junction is discussed.     

Optical vortices in twisted elliptical optical fibers with torsional stress

In the present paper we have derived the analytical expressions for the modes of twisted elliptical fibers with torsional mechanical stress at various relationships of the fiber parameters. It was shown that circularly polarized optical vortices with the topological charges ±1 can propagate in elliptical fibers as generic modes if ellipticity and the twist-induced circular birefringence suppress the spin-orbit interaction. A comparison of the obtained results with the corresponding results for spun elliptical fibers is made.     

Analysis of the scatter growth in dispersive media with the use of dynamic light scattering

Analysis of the structure functions of intensity fluctuations of scattered laser light was applied to monitor the phase separation in probed disperse media. UV-cured mixtures of a liquid crystal and prepolymer were studied during the formation of the structure of dispersive polymer-liquid crystal (DPLC) composites. The experimentally observed features of light beating induced by dynamic light scattering in DPLC systems (the scaling properties of the structure functions, the narrowing of the beating spectrum for certain weight fractions of the liquid-crystalline component) were interpreted in terms of the discrete scattering model using the results of statistical modeling.     

Resonant scattering and absorption in the titanate-based nanoplatelet dispersions in near ultraviolet region

Extinction enhancement and nonlinear near-resonant absorption of potassium polytitanate nanoplatelets were experimentally studied in the near-UV region. Phenomenological models such as the one-oscillator Lorentz model for dielectric function and the two-level model with the depleted ground state were used to interpret the experimental data. The introduced model parameters demonstrate the adequately high sensitivity to variations in nanoplatelet morphology and chemical environment.     

Direct measurement of glyconanoparticles and lectin interactions by isothermal titration calorimetry

Glyconanomaterials have shown high potential in applications including bioanalysis and nanomedicine. Here, a quantitative analytical technique, based on isothermal titration calorimetry, was developed to characterize the interactions between glyconanoparticles and lectins. By titrating lectins into the glyconanoparticle solution, the apparent dissociation constant, thermodynamic parameters, and the number of binding sites were derived simultaneously. For the glyconanoparticles-lectin binding pairs investigated, a 3-5 order of magnitude affinity enhancement over the free ligand-lectin interactions was observed which can be attributed to the multivalent ligand presentation on the nanoparticles. The impact of ligand density was also studied, and results showed that the affinity increased with the number of glycans on the nanoparticle.     

Thermal stress in the Apuan marbles: Relationship between microstructure and petrophysical characteristics

Apuan marbles originating from different zones of the Apuan Metamorphic Complex have been characterized from the chemical, petrographical, microstructural and physical points of view. All samples were subjected to accelerated ageing by thermal cycling and their petrophysical parameters evaluated. After accelerated ageing, all samples show an increase in total open porosity and/or porosity evaluated with Hg porosimeter in the range of pore sizes between 0.0037 and 150 μm. The greatest variations were recorded in the coarse and fine-grained marbles with straight grain boundaries. Two trends were observed in variation of the ratio of Hg-porosity to total open porosity after thermal cycling: either an increase in total open porosity not followed by a proportional increase in Hg-porosity or an increase in Hg-porosity proportional to an increase in total open porosity.During total immersion tests, an increase of the water absorption was observed for those samples characterised by a high ratio Hg-porosity/total open porosity with a unimodal distribution of Hg-porosity. In the case of water absorption through capillarity, the samples that suffer a higher increase are those characterised by a bimodal pore size distribution, even if they possess low Hg-porosity. This behaviour underlines that in the aged samples, subjected to the two different mechanisms of water absorption, the pore size distribution plays an important role.