沉睡的巨人

正这是一张通过合成制作的图片,这是位于印度尼西亚的Bromo山。事先我准备了三脚架和快门线.这可以避免因为机身晃动所造成的画面模糊。另外要带足衣物和食物,因为可能需要在夜晚长时间呆在野外。我先     

Evaluation of vehicle side airbag effectiveness in Victoria,Australia

Side airbag systems were first introduced into vehicles around 1995 to help protect occupants from injury in side impact crashes. International studies have shown that side airbags are effective in reducing the risk of death and injury, however, serious injuries can still occur even when side airbags deploy. The objective of this study was to use detailed injury information from insurance injury compensation claims data linked to Police reported crash data to determine the effectiveness of side airbags in reducing the risk of death or injury for occupants involved in side impact crashes in Victoria, Australia based on the specific body regions that side airbag systems are designed to protect. It was found that head and torso-protecting dual airbag systems designed to protect the head, neck, face, chest and abdomen are highly effective in reducing driver death or injury due to near side crashes. They were associated with a statistically significant reduction of 41.1% (25.9%, 53.2%) in the odds of death or injury across all body regions; and a 48.0% (28.0%, 62.4%) reduction in the odds of death or injury to the head, neck, face, chest and abdomen. The study did not find any evidence that torso-protecting airbags alone are effective in reducing death or injury. Analysis results indicate that head and torso-protecting side airbag systems in vehicles are a highly effective technology for reducing the risk of death or injury to vehicle occupants in near side crashes. The magnitude of the injury reduction benefits estimated indicate that fitment of this technology to all vehicles should be a high priority and will yield significant savings in overall road trauma.     

Evaluation of different natural antioxidants as affecting volatile lipid oxidation products related to off-flavours in corn flakes

Different types of natural antioxidants (tocopherols – alone, in two different doses, or combined with ascorbic acid – and a rosemary extract) were employed in the production of corn flakes, to select the most effective ones for achieving low levels of volatile lipid oxidation products, related to off-flavours, after long-term storage. Samples were submitted to SPME/GC/MS and sensory analyses. Multivariate analysis elucidated the contribution of the volatile compounds to the sensory properties of corn flakes. Under the experimental conditions, tocopherols conferred better antioxidant activity than did rosemary extract, leading to low levels of off-flavour compounds, with a further improvement provided by the synergistic activity of ascorbic acid. This could be attributed to interfacial and phase partitioning phenomena involving antioxidants, depending on their lipo- or hydrophilicity, in heterogeneous food products. Acids, n-alkanols, lactones and some aldehydes appeared to have a considerable influence on the intensity of the off-flavours.     

Comparative Study and Quality Evaluation of Italian Focaccias Seasoned with Extra Virgin Olive Oil

An extra virgin olive oil was used as seasoning for three different types of focaccia produced on an industrial scale. This oil and samples of the oil extracted from the focaccias after baking were submitted to routine analyses and to silica gel column chromatography to separate polar compounds. These were then subjected to high performance size-exclusion chromatographic (HPSEC) analysis and it allowed to determine oxidative and hydrolytic degradation products. The results were compared with those obtained from artisan focaccias, seasoned with the same oil and toppings, by statistical analyses. The different technologies and the toppings employed directed in different ways the oxidative and hydrolytic processes in the oil.     

Assessment of the Influence of the Decanter Set-up During Continuous Processing of Olives at Different Pigmentation Index

New generation decanters allow operators to make real-time adjustments during the virgin olive oil extraction process in order to gain the best performance possible. However, the opportunity to act in line requires a deep understanding of the consequences of changing machine parameters. To this purpose, an experiment was carried out at industrial scale. The decanter feed rate (Fr), ranging from 4075 to 5820 kg h^?1, the bowl/screw conveyor differential speed (?n), set at 18 and 22, and two ripening degrees of the olives were considered as process variables. Two combinations Fr-?n, namely 4620 kg h^?1 at ?n-18 and 5210 kg h^?1 at ?n-22, were found to similarly maximize the process efficiency, regardless the raw material features. After pointing out the best working settings, the corresponding virgin olive oils were compared. The analysis of variance showed that peroxide value, K ₂₃₂, K ₂₇₀, phenols, chlorophylls, β-tocopherol, fruity and bitter notes, and C6 volatile compounds were significantly affected by the machine parameters. An inverse proportionality was observed between the combination Fr-?n and the phenolic compounds. On the whole, the sampling factor exerted a larger influence on the product quality than the decanter set-up.     

Bilevel Parameter Learning for Nonlocal Image Denoising Models

We propose a bilevel optimization approach for the estimation of parameters in nonlocal image denoising models. The parameters we consider are both the fidelity weight and weights within the kernel of the nonlocal operator. In both cases, we investigate the differentiability of the solution operator in function spaces and derive a first-order optimality system that characterizes local minima. For the numerical solution of the problems, we use a second-order trust-region algorithm in combination with a finite element discretization of the nonlocal denoising models and introduce a computational strategy for the solution of the resulting dense linear systems. Several experiments illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of our approach.

     

Characteristics of Li-ion micro batteries fully batch fabricated by micro-fluidic MEMS packaging

Microsystem Technologies - A cost-effective and reliable technology allowing extreme miniaturization of batteries into glass chips and electronic packages has been developed, employing a...     

A Reconstructed Common Ancestor of the Fatty Acid Photo-decarboxylase Clade Shows Photo-decarboxylation Activity and Increased Thermostability

Light-dependent enzymes are a rare type of biocatalyst with high potential for research and biotechnology. A recently discovered fatty acid photo-decarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64A (CvFAP) converts fatty acids to the corresponding hydrocarbons only when irradiated with blue light (400 to 520 nm). To expand the available catalytic diversity for fatty acid decarboxylation, we reconstructed possible ancestral decarboxylases from a set of 12 extant sequences that were classified under the fatty acid decarboxylases clade within the glucose-methanol choline (GMC) oxidoreductase family. One of the resurrected enzymes (ANC1) showed activity in the decarboxylation of fatty acids, showing that the clade indeed contains several photo-decarboxylases. ANC1 has a 15 °C higher melting temperature (T_m) than the extant CvFAP. Its production yielded 12-fold more protein than this wild type decarboxylase, which offers practical advantages for the biochemical investigation of this photoenzyme. Homology modelling revealed amino acid substitutions to more hydrophilic residues at the surface and shorter flexible loops compared to the wild type. Using ancestral sequence reconstruction, we have expanded the existing pool of confirmed fatty acid photo-decarboxylases, providing access to a more robust catalyst for further development via directed evolution.     

Assembling a lasing hybrid material with supramolecular polymers and nanocrystals

The combination of bottom-up and top-down processes to organize nanophases in hybrid materials is a key strategy to create functional materials. We found that oxide and sulphide nanocrystals become spontaneously dispersed in organic media during the self-assembly of nanoribbon supramolecular polymers. These nanoribbon polymers form by self-assembly of dendron rodcoil molecules, which contain three molecular blocks with dendritic, rod-like, and coil-like architectures. In an electric field these supramolecular assemblies carrying bound nanocrystals migrate to the positive electrode in an etched channel and align in the field. In the system containing ZnO nanocrystals as the inorganic component, both phases are oriented in the hybrid material forming an ultraviolet lasing medium with a lower threshold relative to pure ZnO nanocrystals.