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71.
Elias Penelope K.; Elias Merrill F.; Robbins Michael A.; Gage Paulette 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1987,2(4):340
A total of 45 subjects in three age groups (younger, middle-age, older) were trained to word process on microcomputers using a commercial training program and an experimenter-designed test and evaluation protocol. Although all of the subjects mastered the essentials of word processing, the older group took significantly longer to complete the training and evaluation procedures and performed more poorly on a review examination that tested their knowledge of the word-processing commands and techniques. The results are discussed in relation to requirements for trainer assistance, motivational factors, and the need to design training protocols that meet the needs of older adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
72.
C. Santos L.H.P. Teixeira J.K.M.F. Daguano S.O. Rogero K. Strecker C.N. Elias 《Ceramics International》2009,35(2):709-718
The influence of Al2O3 addition and sintering parameters on the mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of tetragonal ZrO2–3 mol% Y2O3 ceramics was evaluated. Samples containing 0, 10, 20 and 30 wt.% of Al2O3 particles were prepared by cold uniaxial pressing (80 MPa) and sintered in air at 1500, 1550 and 1600 °C for 120 min. The effects of the sintering conditions on the microstructure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Hardness and fracture toughness were determined by the Vickers indentation method and the mechanical resistance by four-point bending tests. As a preliminary biological evaluation, “in vitro” cytotoxicity tests were realized to determine the cytotoxic level of the ZrO2–Al2O3 composites, using the neutral red uptake method with NCTC clones L929 from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) bank. Fully dense ceramic materials were obtained with a hardness ranging between 1340 HV and 1585 HV, depending on the amount of Al2O3 in the ZrO2 matrix. On the other hand, no significant influence of the Al2O3 addition on fracture toughness was observed, exhibiting values near 8 MPa m1/2 for all compositions and sintering conditions studied. The non-cytotoxic behavior, the elevated fracture toughness, the good bending strength (σf = 690 MPa) and the elevated Weibull's modulus (m = 11) exhibited by the material, show that these ceramic composites are highly suitable biomaterials for dental implant applications. 相似文献
73.
George Z. Voyiadjis Babur Deliktas Elias C. Aifantis 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2001,127(7):636-645
Thermodynamically consistent constitutive equations are derived here in order to investigate size effects on the strength of composite, strain, and damage localization effects on the macroscopic response of the composite, and statistical inhomogeneity of the evolution-related damage variables associated with the representative volume element. This approach is based on a gradient-dependent theory of plasticity and damage over multiple scales that incorporates mesoscale interstate variables and their higher order gradients at both the macro- and mesoscales. This theory provides the bridging of length scales. The interaction of the length scales is a paramount factor in understanding and controlling material defects such as dislocation, voids, and cracks at the mesoscale and interpreting them at the macroscale. The behavior of these defects is captured not only individually, but also the interaction between them and their ability to create spatiotemporal patterns under different loading conditions. The proposed work introduces gradients at both the meso- and macroscales. The combined coupled concept of introducing gradients at the mesoscale and the macroscale enables one to address two issues simultaneously. The mesoscale gradients allow one to address issues such as lack of statistical homogeneous state variables at the macroscale level such as debonding of fibers in composite materials, cracks, voids, and so forth. On the other hand, the macroscale gradients allow one to address nonlocal behavior of materials and interpret the collective behavior of defects such as dislocations and cracks. The capability of the proposed model is to properly simulate the size-dependent behavior of the materials together with the localization problem. Consequently, the boundary-value problem of a standard continuum model remains well-posed even in the softening regime. The enhanced gradient continuum results in additional partial differential equations that are satisfied in a weak form. Additional nodal degrees of freedom are introduced that leads to a modified finite-element formulation. The governing equations can be linearized consistently and solved within the incremental iterative Newton-Raphson solution procedure. 相似文献
74.
Lazaros Elias Mavromatidis Pierre Michel Mohamed El Mankibi Mat Santamouris 《Building Simulation》2010,3(4):279-294
This paper reports on a numerical and experimental study of heat transfer phenomena through two different multilayer fibrous
insulations for building applications. The investigated samples were composed of different layers of fibrous materials and
aluminium foils, placed between one or two air gaps in the vertical dimension. An experimental apparatus (a guarded hot box)
has been used to measure heat transfer through the samples, while a finite volume numerical model combined radiation/conduction
heat transfer was developed to predict the temperature distribution and heat transfer in such insulation systems comprised
of the materials separated by multiple reflective foils. The model takes into account the coupling between the solid conduction
of the fibrous system and the gaseous conduction and radiation. The radiation heat transfer through the insulation system
has been modelled via the two flux approximation. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data from the
guarded hot box for model validation, as well as to assess the effectiveness of the reflective foils in changing the resistance
of the insulations. The comparative verification of the model showed that the numerical results were consistent with the experimental
data through the environmental conditions under examination. 相似文献
75.
José D. Ambrósio Nelson M. Larocca Luiz A. Pessan Elias Hage Jr 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2010,50(12):2382-2391
In this research, it was studied the effects of the processing parameters applied to a twin screw extruder on the morphology and impact strength of poly(butylene terephthalate)/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene blends with and without a reactive compatibilizer. It was found that the increase of the feed rate highly decreased the ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT) and slightly increased the room temperature impact strength (RTIS) of the compatibilized blends. Besides the influence of the feed rate, it was also found that the compatibilized blends could reach high RTIS and low DBTT values by an appropriate combination of the compatibilizer feeding position in the extruder, the screw rotation speed and the width of the kneading discs of the screw. The DBTT was found to be at least partially controlled by the spatial distribution of the rubbery particles, which was quantified by finite body tessellation, a method applied for the first time in polymer blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
76.
Wardah Fatimah Mohammad Yusoff Elias Salleh Nor Mariah Adam Abdul Razak Sapian Mohamad Yusof Sulaiman 《Building and Environment》2010
In the hot and humid climate, stack ventilation is inefficient due to small temperature difference between the inside and outside of naturally ventilated buildings. Hence, solar induced ventilation is a feasible alternative in enhancing the stack ventilation. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of a proposed solar induced ventilation strategy, which combines a roof solar collector and a vertical stack, in enhancing the stack ventilation performance in the hot and humid climate. The methodology selected for the investigation is physical experimental modelling which was carried out in the actual environment. The results are presented and discussed in terms of two performance variables: air temperature and air velocity. The findings indicate that the proposed strategy is able to enhance the stack ventilation, both in semi-clear sky and overcast sky conditions. The highest air temperature difference between the air inside the stack and the ambient air (Ti−To) is achieved in the semi-clear sky condition, which is about 9.9 °C (45.8 °C–35.9 °C). Meanwhile, in the overcast sky condition, the highest air temperature difference (Ti−To) is 6.2 °C (39.3 °C–33.1 °C). The experimental results also indicate good agreement with the theoretical results for the glass temperature, the air temperature in the roof solar collector’s channel and the absorber temperature. The findings also show that wind has significant effect to the induced air velocity by the proposed strategy. 相似文献
77.
78.
Elias Zaher Ali Karim Y. 《AEUE-International Journal of Electronics and Communications》2009,63(10):841-852
Distributed uplink scheduling and rate control in CDMA networks are considered in the case of adaptive antenna arrays present at the base station. The system model with omnidirectional antennas is generalized to the case where adaptive antenna arrays are deployed. Rate control in a probabilistic manner is investigated. Long-term control by the base station through token bucket constraints is incorporated in the system. Monte Carlo simulation results show considerable improvement when adaptive antenna arrays are used. Optimization of the rate transition probabilities is treated in the special case of on–off scheduling. 相似文献
79.
The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of daily-activity and travel patterns on the risk of crash involvement. To this end, we develop a model that integrates daily-activity and travel choices in a single framework, recognizing that these variables affect the risk of crashes. This model can therefore provide predictions of the expected changes in risk levels from the implementation of measures that affect the daily-activity patterns and the socio-economic characteristics of the population.The empirical analysis makes use of data collected during a household survey that includes crash information and trip diaries. The model is applied in a case study of an Arab town in Israel to analyze various transportation policies. The results of this research show that in addition to individuals’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics, their daily-activity and travel patterns also have an impact on the risk of being involved in car crashes. The case study showed the potential of this framework for analyzing the effect of various social and transportation policies on road safety. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such relationships have been tested by using a disaggregate model and the first time activity-based models have been used to analyze exposure to the risk of road crashes. 相似文献
80.
Quantum states engineering: Recurrence formula including states with even and odd numbers of photons
Abstract A previous recurrence formula using the resonant atom-field interaction for the generation of a field state in a cavity is extended to arbitrary states having even and odd numbers of photons in their photon-number distribution. 相似文献