Reduction of Salmonella enterica in Turkey breast slices kept under aerobic and vacuum conditions by application of lactic acid,a bacteriophage,and ultrasound

The effects of different antimicrobial applications against Salmonella enterica subs. enterica DSM 18522 strain in turkey breast slices kept under either aerobic or anaerobic-vacuum conditions for different keeping times of 30 min and 6 hr at 4°C were evaluated. In this study, it was aimed to compare chemical (lactic acid, 3%), biopreservation (bacteriophage Felix O1, 1 × 10⁸ pfu/ml), and physical (ultrasound, 20 kHz) antimicrobial applications in reducing a high initial S. enterica DSM 18522 count (~6 log cfu/g) in turkey breast slices at different conditions. The highest reduction in S. enterica DSM 18522 counts (1.62 log units) was observed in turkey breast slices kept under aerobic condition for 6 hr after being treated with lactic acid. The bacteriophage application significantly (p < .05) reduced S. enterica DSM 18522 counts 1.22 and 1.41 log cfu/g in turkey breast slices that kept under aerobic and anaerobic-vacuum conditions for 30 min, respectively. There was no significant effect of keeping time under aerobic or anaerobic-vacuum conditions on S. enterica DSM 18522 counts in turkey breast slices treated with bacteriophage or ultrasound. However, the reduction of S. enterica DSM 18522 counts in turkey breast slices treated with lactic acid increased with keeping time under aerobic or anaerobic-vacuum conditions. Regardless of keeping conditions, the lowest reductions in S. enterica DSM 18522 counts were detected in turkey breast slices treated with ultrasound. The results of this study show that lactic acid and bacteriophage applications are effective in reducing S. enterica DSM 18522 counts in turkey breast slices.     

Ligand exchange based paraoxon imprınted QCM sensor

In the present work, a paraoxon imprinted QCM sensor has been developed for the determination of paraoxon based on the modification of paraoxon imprinted film onto a quartz crystal combining the advantages of high selectivity of the piezoelectric microgravimetry using MIP film technique and high sensitivity of QCM detection. The paraoxon selective memories have formed on QCM electrode surface by using a new metal–chelate interaction based on pre-organized monomer and the paraoxon recognition activity of these molecular memories was investigated. Molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) film for the detection of paraoxon was developed and the analytical performance of paraoxon imprinted sensor was studied. The molecular imprinted polymer were characterized by FTIR measurements. Paraoxon imprinted sensor was characterized with AFM and ellipsometer. The study also includes the measurement of binding interaction of paraoxon imprinted quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor, selectivity experiments and analytical performance of QCM electrode. The detection limit and the affinity constant (K_affinity) were found to be 0.06 μM and 2.25 × 10⁴ M^? 1 for paraoxon [MAAP–Cu(II)–paraoxon] based thin film, respectively. Also, it has been observed that the selectivity of the prepared paraoxon imprinted sensor is high compared to a similar chemical structure which is parathion.     

Epicardial fat thickness is associated with impaired coronary flow reserve in hemodialysis patients

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) is a new risk factor in CVD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between EFT and coronary artery flow reserve (CFR), which is an early indicator of endothelial dysfunction in coronary vessels of HD patients. We performed a cross‐sectional study including 71 chronic HD patients and 65 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Epicardial fat tissue was significantly higher in HD patients when compared to healthy controls (6.53 ± 1.01 mm vs. 5.79 ± 1.06 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). On transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, CFR values were significantly lower in HD patients when compared to healthy controls (1.73 ± 0.11 vs. 2.32 ± 0.28, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed CFR values to be inversely correlated with EFT (r = ?0.287, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to define independent determinants of EFT in HD patients. Artery flow reserve, age, body mass index and total cholesterol levels were independently correlated with EFT thickness. This study demonstrated that EFT was significantly higher among HD patients compared to healthy controls. In addition, this study was the first to demonstrate an inverse correlation between EFT and CFR in this patient population.     

Analysis of Serum Advanced Glycation Endproducts Reveals Methylglyoxal-Derived Advanced Glycation MG-H1 Free Adduct Is a Risk Marker in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease

Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) is linked to decline in renal function, particularly in patients with diabetes. Major forms of AGEs in serum are protein-bound AGEs and AGE free adducts. In this study, we assessed levels of AGEs in subjects with and without diabetes, with normal renal function and stages 2 to 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD), to identify which AGE has the greatest progressive change with decline in renal function and change in diabetes. We performed a cross-sectional study of patients with stages 2–4 CKD, with and without diabetes, and healthy controls (n = 135). Nine protein-bound and free adduct AGEs were quantified in serum. Most protein-bound AGEs increased moderately through stages 2–4 CKD whereas AGE free adducts increased markedly. Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone MG-H1 free adduct was the AGE most responsive to CKD status, increasing 8-fold and 30-fold in stage 4 CKD in patients without and with diabetes, respectively. MG-H1 Glomerular filtration flux was increased 5-fold in diabetes, likely reflecting increased methylglyoxal glycation status. We conclude that serum MG-H1 free adduct concentration was strongly related to stage of CKD and increased in diabetes status. Serum MG-H1 free adduct is a candidate AGE risk marker of non-diabetic and diabetic CKD.     

Pathways to controlled 3D deformation of graphene: Manipulating the motion of topological defects

Functional properties of 2D materials like graphene can be tailored by designing their 3D structure at the Angstrom to nanometer scale. While there are routes to tailoring 3D structure at larger scales, achieving controllable sub-micron 3D deformations has remained an elusive goal since the original discovery of graphene. In this contribution, we summarize the state-of-the-art in controllable 3D structures, and present our perspective on pathways to realizing atomic-scale control. We propose an approach based on strategic application of mechanical load to precisely relocate and position topological defects that give rise to curvature and corrugation to achieve a desired 3D structure. Realizing this approach requires establishing the detailed nature of defect migration and pathways in response to applied load. From a computational perspective, the key needed advances lie in the identification of defect migration mechanisms. These needed advances define new forward and inverse problems: when a fixed stress or strain field is applied, along which pathways will defects migrate?, and vice versa. We provide a formal statement of these forward and inverse problems, and review recent methods that may enable solving them. The forward problem is addressed by determining the potential energy surface of allowable topological configurations through Monte Carlo and Gaussian process models to determine defect migration paths through dynamic programming algorithms or Monte Carlo tree search. Two inverse models are suggested, one based on genetic algorithms and another on convolutional neural networks, to predict the applied loads that induce migration and position defects to achieve desired curvature and corrugation. The realization of controllable 3D structures enables a vast design space at multiple scales to enable new functionality in flexible electronics, soft robotics, biomimetics, optics, and other application areas.     

A direct borohydride-peroxide fuel cell-LiPO hybrid motorcycle prototype: Investigation of short-term behavior of DBPFC stack – I

In the present study, a safer and more performance 270?W Direct Borohydride/Peroxide Fuel Cell (DBPFC) Stack has been constructed for an electrical hybrid motorbike application. Performance tests were carried out with single cell and 5–10–25?cell stacks. Performance loss has been not observed while stacking DBPFC because of the Independent Cell Liquid Distribution Network (ICLDN) system and special bipolar plate design. The power densities have been approximately 120?mWcm^?2 for a single DBPFC and 25-cell DBPFC stack without any stacking loss. Additionally, the stack temperature has been controlled by keeping the oxidant concentration low, and it has been maintained at approximately 52?°C without using a cooling system. The short-term performances of the 25-cell DBPFC stack have been tested over 25?min and 50?min, which showed that the performance and stack security of the DBPFC are highly related to the oxidant properties, such as the concentration, temperature and feed type.     

Effects of nutrient and bioactive food components on Alzheimer's disease and epigenetic

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is becoming widespread. For this reason, in recent years factors affecting the development, progression and cognitive function of the AD have been emphasized. Nutrients and other bioactive nutrients are among the factors that are effective in AD. In particular, vitamins A, C and E, vitamins B₁, B₆ and B₁₂, folate, magnesium, choline, inositol, anthocyanins, isoflavones etc. nutrients and bioactive nutrients are known to be effective in the development of AD. Nutrients and nutrient components may also have an epigenetic effect on AD. At the same time, nutrients and bioactive food components slow down the progression of the disease. For this reason, the effect of nutrients and food components on AD was examined in this review.     

Effect of Bicarbonate Salts and Sequential Using of Frying Oil on Acrylamide and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Contents in Coated Fried Chicken Meat

In this research, the effect of different bicarbonate salts (sodium and ammonium) and their doses (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/100 g raw material) in the coating batter formula use and the sequential use of frying oil (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th) on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acrylamide contents in coated fried chicken meat. The addition of sodium bicarbonate was efficient for reducing acrylamide content, but it increased browning and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content compared to the control. When increasing the doses of sodium and ammonium bicarbonate from 1 to 3 g/100 g of raw material, the acrylamide content of samples did not change significantly, although adding sodium bicarbonate significantly reduced the acrylamide content as a control. These research results showed that using about 1 g/100 g raw material sodium bicarbonate rather than ammonium bicarbonate and as little frying oil as possible use during the production of coated and fried meat results in lower contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and acrylamide.     

Effects of Penicillium roqueforti and whey cheese on gross composition,microbiology and proteolysis of mould‐ripened Civil cheese during ripening

Four different types of mould‐ripened Civil cheese were manufactured. A defined (nontoxigenic) strain of a Penicillium roqueforti (SC 509) was used as the secondary starter with and without addition of the whey cheese (Lor); in parallel, secondary starter‐free counterparts were manufactured. Chemical composition, microbiology and proteolysis were studied during the ripening. The incorporation of whey cheese in the manufacture of mould‐ripened Civil cheese altered the gross composition and adversely affected proteolysis in the cheeses. The inoculated P. roqueforti moulds appeared to grow slowly on those cheeses, and little proteolysis was evident in all cheese treatments during the first 90 days of ripening. However, sharp increases in the soluble nitrogen fractions were observed in all cheeses after 90 days. Microbiological analysis showed that the microbial counts in the cheeses were at high levels at the beginning of ripening, while their counts decreased approximately 1–2 log cfu/g towards the end of ripening.