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Berkovic G Horovitz Y Moshe E Sadi Y Shafir E 《The Review of scientific instruments》2011,82(4):043302
The design of optical fiber based heads offering high accuracy and bandwidth for use in VISAR (velocity interferometer system for any reflector) experiments measuring ballistic velocities is described. A new, expanded, model for predicting the distance-dependent collection efficiency of the heads is presented. The model is shown to agree very well with experimental results, both within and outside the "depth of field". Various optical heads are demonstrated, to suit different experimental setups and conditions. Designs offering options for high bandwidths, accurate prealignment, and large stand-off distances are discussed. Results from a typical VISAR experiment are presented, verifying that our designs yield high-quality data. 相似文献
53.
AbstractOur research contrasts two theories of creativity in multicultural teams. The dual-process model focuses on the degree of diversity, whereas cross-cultural psychology focuses on specific cultural compositions. In individualistic cultures, team members express more conflicts and benefit from it, compared to in collectivistic cultures that emphasise harmony. The relative representation of members from these cultures may affect team dynamics, conflict and creativity. We coded over 3100 speaker turns in the 11th Design Thinking Research Symposium data-set for the presence of disagreements and examined the effects of conflict phase and team diversity on creativity, promotion and prevention approaches using Linguistic Inquiry Word Count measures. We found that micro-conflicts increased insight words in the moment of the conflict. Individuals in more diverse team meetings of Scandinavians and South-East Asians expressed fewer conflicts than teams dominated by Scandinavians and were less likely to focus on potential gains when experiencing micro-conflicts. Regardless of conflict, the more culturally diverse teams were more likely to use insight and promotion words overall. There were no effects for prevention. These findings extend extant theory to different types of heterogeneous teams in a real-world design setting. This study is novel in combining theory on team cultural diversity with a micro-process method. 相似文献
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F. Max Yavitt Tobin E. Brown Ella A. Hushka Monica E. Brown Nikolche Gjorevski Peter J. Dempsey Matthias P. Lutolf Kristi S. Anseth 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(30):1905366
Intestinal organoids are useful in vitro models for basic and translational studies aimed at understanding and treating disease. However, their routine culture relies on animal-derived matrices that limit translation to clinical applications. In fact, there are few fully defined, synthetic hydrogel systems that allow for the expansion of intestinal organoids. Here, an allyl sulfide photodegradable hydrogel is presented, achieving rapid degradation through radical addition-fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) reactions, to support routine passaging of intestinal organoids. Shear rheology to first characterize the effect of thiol and allyl sulfide crosslink structures on degradation kinetics is used. Irradiation with 365 nm light (5 mW cm−2) in the presence of a soluble thiol (glutathione at 15 × 10−3 m ), and a photoinitiator (lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate at 1 × 10−3 m ), leads to complete hydrogel degradation in less than 15 s. Allyl sulfide hydrogels are used to support the formation of epithelial colonies from single intestinal stem cells, and rapid photodegradation is used to achieve repetitive passaging of stem cell colonies without loss in morphology or organoid formation potential. This platform could support long-term culture of intestinal organoids, potentially replacing the need for animal-derived matrices, while also allowing systematic variations to the hydrogel properties tailored for the organoid of interest. 相似文献
55.
Carrie Sheeler Juao-Guilherme Rosa Austin Ferro Brian McAdams Ella Borgenheimer Marija Cvetanovic 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(23)
Over the past decade, research has unveiled the intimate relationship between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Microglia and astrocytes react to brain insult by setting up a multimodal inflammatory state and act as the primary defenders and executioners of neuroinflammatory structural and functional changes. Microglia and astrocytes also play critical roles in the maintenance of normal brain function. This intricate balance of homeostatic and neuroinflammatory functions can influence the onset and the course of neurodegenerative diseases. The emergent role of the microglial-astrocytic axis in neurodegenerative disease presents many druggable targets that may have broad therapeutic benefits across neurodegenerative disease. Here, we provide a brief review of the basal function of both microglia and astrocytes, how they are changed in disease states, the significant differences between mouse and human glia, and use of human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients to study cell autonomous changes in human astrocytes and microglia. 相似文献
56.
Ella J. Watkins Patrick J. Almhjell Prof. Dr. Frances H. Arnold 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2020,21(1-2):80-83
We report a simple, one-step enzymatic synthesis of the blue fluorescent noncanonical amino acid β-(1-azulenyl)-l -alanine (AzAla). By using an engineered tryptophan synthase β-subunit (TrpB), stereochemically pure AzAla can be synthesized at scale starting from commercially available azulene and l -serine. Mutation of a universally conserved catalytic glutamate in the active site to glycine has only a modest effect on native activity with indole but abolishes activity on azulene, suggesting that this glutamate activates azulene for nucleophilic attack by stabilization of the aromatic ion. 相似文献
57.
真正的改装车,就是要从头到脚彻彻底底地洗心革面。改装范围包括:钢圈、轮胎、油漆及影音系统。当然,动力改装和汽车内饰也不例外。汽车内饰和汽车喷漆能够让人带来视觉上的冲击,但我们能否真正从中得到美的享受昵?如果汽车内饰看起来极为赏心悦目,那么这种感觉就如同周日在 相似文献
58.
我们继续改装宝马635csi(雅称Bavarian Baller)的内饰。这次,我们要改装汽车前座椅和后座椅的内饰。尽量保持宝马635csi的原车面貌,但我们也要融入一些改装的元素。问题的关键就是努力寻求到两 相似文献
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Due to the gradual expansion in data volume used in social networks and cloud computing, the term “Big data” has appeared with its challenges to store the immense datasets. Many tools and algorithms appeared to handle the challenges of storing big data. NoSQL databases, such as Cassandra and MongoDB, are designed with a novel data management system that can handle and process huge volumes of data. Partitioning data in NoSQL databases is considered one of the critical challenges in database design. In this paper, a MapReduce Rendezvous Hashing-Based Virtual Hierarchies (MR-RHVH) framework is proposed for scalable partitioning of Cassandra NoSQL database. The MapReduce framework is used to implement MR-RHVH on Cassandra to enhance its performance in highly distributed environments. MR-RHVH distributes the nodes to rendezvous regions based on a proposed Adopted Virtual Hierarchies strategy. Each region is responsible for a set of nodes. In addition, a proposed bloom filter evaluator is used to ensure the accurate allocation of keys to nodes in each region. Moreover, a number of experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of MR-RHVH framework, using YCSB for database benchmarking. The results show high scalability rate and less time consuming for MR-RHVH framework over different recent systems. 相似文献