Multiplexed toxin analysis using four colors of quantum dot fluororeagents

Quantum dots (QDs) have the potential to simplify the performance of multiplexed analysis. In this work, we prepared bioinorganic conjugates made with highly luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs) and antibodies to perform multiplexed fluoroimmunoassays. Sandwich immunoassays for the detection of cholera toxin, ricin, shiga-like toxin 1, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B were performed simultaneously in single wells of a microtiter plate. Initially the assay performance for the detection of each toxin was examined. We then demonstrated the simultaneous detection of the four toxins from a single sample probed with a mixture of all four QD-antibody reagents. Using a simple linear equation-based algorithm, it was possible to deconvolute the signal from mixed toxin samples, which allowed quantitation of all four toxins simultaneously.     

A note on computing environments and network reliability

Interest has increased during recent years in using microcomputers for implementation of network reliability algorithms. There are indications that some implementations suffer severe restrictions imposed by such a computing environment, whereas some other results indicate otherwise. This brief note attempts to clarify the apparently contradictory conclusions that would be naturally drawn from recent papers that treat this subject.     

Evaluation of IP over WDM Network Architectures

The commonly used IP-backbone network architecture of today is IP/ATM/SDH/WDM. This architecture has many redundant functionalities and is not optimized to transport IP traffic. New approaches for simplified network architectures try to eliminate redundant functionalities and to decrease the protocol overhead and thereby transport IP as efficiently as possible over WDM-based optical networks. EURESCOM project P918 Integration of IP-over-optical networks: networking and management investigated scenarios for optimized IP transport in WDM-based backbone networks. In this paper, three architectures, namely Gigabit Ethernet, Packet over Sonet/SDH and Dynamic Packet Transport are investigated and evaluated as an alternative to the IP/ATM/SDH/WDM architecture.     

Role conflicts in psychology and their implications for a reevaluation of training models.

For 25 years training in clinical psychology has followed the Boulder model, attempting to make the clinical psychologist both a scientist and a professional. In this paper arguments are advanced which suggest that it is usually difficult and frequently impossible to make the same person into both a scientist and a professional. Science abhors secrecy, but professionals must keep their knowledge secret. Differences exist in personality characteristics in individuals attracted to the science or the profession. Training requirements are clearly different. Readiness to participate in social and political action also differentiates the groups. For these and other reasons the authors advance the argument that separate professional training schools for psychology must be established, following the historically evolving model provided by other professions. A division of training of psychologists in scientific and professional work may have beneficial effects by eliminating role conflicts in the professional and by making clear the essential division of labor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Structured and nonstructured human relations training.

Investigated participant perceptions following structured and nonstructured human relations training. The design included 3 structured and 3 nonstructured groups and 3 leader teams with each team conducting 1 group under each of the 2 formats. 21 male and 21 female graduate students were Ss. The Group Opinion Questionnaire was administered to participants at the 12th (final) session. Participants in structured groups reported greater ego involvement in their groups, more self-perceived personality change since joining the group, and greater group unity than did participants in nonstructured groups. Evidence suggests that greater leader experience is associated with more favorable participant perceptions. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex differences in learned helplessness: I. Differential debilitation with peer and adult evaluators.

Predicted that sex differences in learned helplessness (attributions of failure to uncontrollable factors) and the impaired performance associated with it would be agent specific. Two experiments were conducted with 105 female and 111 male 4th and 5th graders. Among girls, failure feedback from adults led to little improvement in performance on a series of digit-letter substitution problems, but failure from peers led to immediate and sustained improvement. Among boys, however, failure feedback from adults led to rapid improvement, but failure from peers led to no improvement over trials. Moreover, girls' and boys' attributions for failure varied systematically with the agent of evaluation. (34 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Why Teacher Certification for School Psychologists?

In 1954 the Thayer Conference took a look at school psychology and attempted to give better definition to its functions, levels, and training. Many issues could not be completely settled and still remain as controversies; but, in universities where special training is being carried on, it becomes necessary to take a stand on some of these issues. The present statement will attempt to take a position on one aspect of the problem: namely, the matter of requiring teacher certification for school psychologists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychological health-sickness (PHS) as a predictor of outcomes in dynamic and other psychotherapies.

This is the first dedicated review of quantitative studies on Freud's proposition that the poorer the psychological health, the more limited are the benefits from treatment. Since observer-rated scales for PHS were developed in 1949, many studies have applied them, and the majority show significant prediction of outcomes of psychotherapy, with correlations between .2 and .35. This article reviews (1) the main methods of measurement, (2) the record of predictive success, (3) validity studies, (4) the relation to psychiatric diagnosis, (5) prediction in forms of treatment other than psychotherapy, and (6) theories of why psychological health predicts outcomes of psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Motivation in the classroom: Reciprocal effects of teacher behavior and student engagement across the school year.

On the basis of a new model of motivation, the authors examined the effects of 3 dimensions of teacher (n?=?14) behavior (involvement, structure, and autonomy support) on 144 children's (Grades 3–5) behavioral and emotional engagement across a school year. Correlational and path analyses revealed that teacher involvement was central to children's experiences in the classroom and that teacher provision of both autonomy support and optimal structure predicted children's motivation across the school year. Reciprocal effects of student motivation on teacher behavior were also found. Students who showed higher initial behavioral engagement received subsequently more of all 3 teacher behaviors. These findings suggest that students who are behaviorally disengaged receive teacher responses that should further undermine their motivation. The importance of the student–teacher relationship, especially interpersonal involvement, in optimizing student motivation is highlighted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)