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271.
Imaging and elasticity measurements of the sarcolemma of fully differentiated skeletal muscle fibres
Defranchi E Bonaccurso E Tedesco M Canato M Pavan E Raiteri R Reggiani C 《Microscopy research and technique》2005,67(1):27-35
This study aimed to describe the three-dimensional structure and the elastic properties of the sarcolemma of adult, fully differentiated, skeletal muscle fibres combining Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy. Single fibres were enzymatically dissociated from Flexor Digitorum Brevis of adult mice and were maintained in culture up to 3 weeks. On the sixth day after dissociation, the upper surface of intact fibres, either alive in solution or fixed and kept in solution or fixed and exposed in air, was analysed with AFM. The most prominent features in AFM images were periodic transversal foldings with an interval that corresponded to the sarcomere length. More detailed analysis of the topography profile showed that the depth in the folding decreased with increasing sarcomere length and that the crests of the foldings corresponded to the Z-lines. Minor periodic structures could be detected in the valleys between the major foldings. AFM images also showed deep depressions on the sarcolemma likely corresponding to openings of T tubules and caveolae. Two-dimensional elasticity maps were obtained using AFM as an indenter and showed that the crests of the transversal foldings correspond to higher stiffness regions. This study provides the first complete three-dimensional topography and mechanical characterization of intact, living skeletal muscle fibres and might form the basis for further investigations aimed to compare healthy and dystrophic muscles. 相似文献
272.
Fiber fillings of wood plastic composites (WPC) are almost exclusively limited to standard plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene. At the Kunststofftechnik Paderborn of the University of Paderborn the wood fiber filling of engineering plastics is being promoted. WPC with different fiber types and fiber contents based on two thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) were compounded and subsequently characterized. We found that the physicochemical properties of the materials differ from standard plastic-based WPC. Wood filling with increasing fiber content did not immediately correlate with an increase in density. A decrease in density and swelling of the compound was detected with reaching a critical fiber content. Our compounds showed an increased water absorption at high-fiber contents over time, which can be described logarithmically. The observed viscosity curves obey the Ostwald and de Waele power law, but an increased viscosity at increased fiber content was not apparent for both TPU matrices. 相似文献
273.
274.
Klement Möhler und Elmar Hallermayer 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1974,156(4):206-210
Zusammenfassung Photometrische Methoden allein reichen als Test für Modellversuche über Bildung und Abbau von cancerogenen Nitrosaminenin vitro und in Lebensmitteln nicht aus. In der Regel ist eine gaschromatographische Trennung die Methode der Wahl. Die mikrobiologisch/enzymatisch katalysierte Nitrosaminbildung verdient besondere Beachtung.
Auszug aus der Dissertation von Elmar Hallermayer: Nitrosamine in Lebensmitteln, Beiträge zu Analytik, Abbau und Aufbau. Technische Universität München 1973 (Promotionstag 29. März 1973).
Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft danken wir für die finanzielle Unterstützung. 相似文献
Nitrosamines in foods. Contributions to analysis, decomposition and formation I. Determination methods for model experiments
Summary Photometric methods are not sufficient for the investigation of model tests regarding the formation or breakdown of carcinogenic nitrosaminesin vitro or in foods. Usually a GL-separation is the best method. Formation of nitrosamines, enzymatically catalyzed by microorganisms, deserves special attention.
Auszug aus der Dissertation von Elmar Hallermayer: Nitrosamine in Lebensmitteln, Beiträge zu Analytik, Abbau und Aufbau. Technische Universität München 1973 (Promotionstag 29. März 1973).
Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft danken wir für die finanzielle Unterstützung. 相似文献
275.
Elmar Zügner Hsiu-Chiung Yang Petra Kotzbeck Beate Boulgaropoulos Harald Sourij Sepideh Hagvall Charles S. Elmore Russell Esterline Sven Moosmang Jan Oscarsson Thomas R. Pieber Xiao-Rong Peng Christoph Magnes 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(14)
(1) The cardio-reno-metabolic benefits of the SGLT2 inhibitors canagliflozin (cana), dapagliflozin (dapa), ertugliflozin (ertu), and empagliflozin (empa) have been demonstrated, but it remains unclear whether they exert different off-target effects influencing clinical profiles. (2) We aimed to investigate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on mitochondrial function, cellular glucose-uptake (GU), and metabolic pathways in human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (3) At 100 µM (supra-pharmacological concentration), cana decreased ECAR by 45% and inhibited GU (IC5o: 14 µM). At 100 µM and 10 µM (pharmacological concentration), cana increased the ADP/ATP ratio, whereas dapa and ertu (3, 10 µM, about 10× the pharmacological concentration) showed no effect. Cana (100 µM) decreased the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) by 60%, while dapa decreased it by 7%, and ertu and empa (all 100 µM) had no significant effect. Cana (100 µM) inhibited GLUT1, but did not significantly affect GLUTs’ expression levels. Cana (100 µM) treatment reduced glycolysis, elevated the amino acids supplying the tricarboxylic-acid cycle, and significantly increased purine/pyrimidine-pathway metabolites, in contrast to dapa (3 µM) and ertu (10 µM). (4) The results confirmed cana´s inhibition of mitochondrial activity and GU at supra-pharmacological and pharmacological concentrations, whereas the dapa, ertu, and empa did not show effects even at supra-pharmacological concentrations. At supra-pharmacological concentrations, cana (but not dapa or ertu) affected multiple cellular pathways and inhibited GLUT1. 相似文献
276.
Far‐field diffraction can be evaluated using the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in image space but it is costly due to its dense sampling. We propose a technique based on a closed‐form solution of the continuous Fourier transform for simple vector primitives (quads) and propose a hierarchical and progressive evaluation to achieve real‐time performance. Our method is able to simulate diffraction effects in optical systems and can handle varying visibility due to dynamic light sources. Furthermore, it seamlessly extends to near‐field diffraction. We show the benefit of our solution in various applications, including realistic real‐time glare and bloom rendering. 相似文献
277.
Light painting is an artform where a light source is moved during a long‐exposure shot, creating trails resembling a stroke on a canvas. It is very difficult to perform because the light source needs to be moved at the intended speed and along a precise trajectory. Additionally, images can be corrupted by the person moving the light. We propose computational light painting, which avoids such artifacts and is easy to use. Taking a video of the moving light as input, a virtual exposure allows us to draw the intended light positions in a post‐process. We support animation, as well as 3D light sculpting, with high‐quality results. 相似文献
278.
Sigal Avraham Dr. Leonie Schütz Dr. Larissa Käver Dr. Andreas Dankers Sapir Margalit Dr. Yael Michaeli Dr. Shahar Zirkin Dr. Dmitry Torchinsky Dr. Noa Gilat Omer Bahr Gil Nifker Prof. Maya Koren-Michowitz Prof. Elmar Weinhold Prof. Yuval Ebenstein 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2023,24(20):e202300400
5-Methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine are epigenetic modifications involved in gene regulation and cancer. We present a new, simple, and high-throughput platform for multi-color epigenetic analysis. The novelty of our approach is the ability to multiplex methylation and de-methylation signals in the same assay. We utilize an engineered methyltransferase enzyme that recognizes and labels all unmodified CpG sites with a fluorescent cofactor. In combination with the already established labeling of the de-methylation mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine via enzymatic glycosylation, we obtained a robust platform for simultaneous epigenetic analysis of these marks. We assessed the global epigenetic levels in multiple samples of colorectal cancer and observed a 3.5-fold reduction in 5hmC levels but no change in DNA methylation levels between sick and healthy individuals. We also measured epigenetic modifications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and observed a decrease in both modification levels (5-hydroxymethylcytosine: whole blood 30 %; peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 40 %. 5-methylcytosine: whole blood 53 %; PBMCs 48 %). Our findings propose using a simple blood test as a viable method for analysis, simplifying sample handling in diagnostics. Importantly, our results highlight the assay‘s potential for epigenetic evaluation of clinical samples, benefiting research and patient management. 相似文献
279.
Florian Koch Max Hoellen Elmar D. Konrad Alexander Kock 《Creativity & Innovation Management》2023,32(2):281-297
Creative industries contain paradoxes because conflicting tensions arise between the market and the arts. Entrepreneurs need to find and maintain a balance between those two sides to create innovation. This study tests the interaction between business and creative orientations of a founder in their influence on innovation in the context of creative entrepreneurial firms and provides recommendations for how creative agents can leverage and manage their innovations based on their creative visions. Determinants on the individual level, such as the founder's creative or business orientations, have a lasting impact on the practices and process of their venture. To trace the imprinting influence of the founder's orientation on innovation, the empirical setting is a time-lagged study of German firm owners in the cultural and creative industries surveyed 5 years apart. The results show a significant relationship between creative orientation and innovation, whereas business orientation does not significantly relate to innovation. However, creative and business orientations reveal a negative interaction effect. This study contributes empirical evidence to the paradox theory and the interaction between the opposite poles. Our findings provide valuable insights about the relevance of creative orientation and its visionary impact on the firms' innovation process. Furthermore, the results shed new light on the tension between art and the market, as different compositions of the two orientation poles seem to have a varying impact on the degree of innovation. Thus, the study reveals the complexity of creative entrepreneurship and provides managerial guidance for other knowledge-based industries. 相似文献
280.
We introduce an approach for converting pixel art into high-quality vector images. While much progress has been made on automatic conversion, there is an inherent ambiguity in pixel art, which can lead to a mismatch with the artist's original intent. Further, there is room for incorporating aesthetic preferences during the conversion. In consequence, this work introduces an interactive framework to enable users to guide the conversion process towards high-quality vector illustrations. A key idea of the method is to cast the conversion process into a spring-system optimization that can be influenced by the user. Hereby, it is possible to resolve various ambiguities that cannot be handled by an automatic algorithm. 相似文献