Software Distributed Shared Memory: a VIA‐based implementation and comparison of sequential consistency with home‐based lazy release consistency

A Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) system provides a distributed application with a shared virtual address space. This article proposes a design for implementing the DSM communication layer on top of the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA), an industry standard for user‐level networking protocols on high‐speed clusters. User‐level communication protocols operate in user mode, thus removing the operating system kernel's overhead from the critical communication pass, and significantly diminishing communication overhead as a result. We analyze VIA's facilities and limitations in order to ascertain which implementation trade‐offs can be best applied to our development of an efficient communication substrate optimized for DSM requirements. We then implement a multithreaded version of the Home‐based Lazy Release Consistency (HLRC) protocol on top of this substrate. In addition, we compare the performance of this HLRC protocol with that of the Sequential Consistency (SC) protocol in which a Multi View (MV) memory mapping technique was used. This technique enables a fine‐grained access to shared memory, while still relying on the virtual memory hardware to track memory accesses. We perform an ‘apple‐to‐apple’ comparison on the same testbed environment and benchmark suite, and investigate the effectiveness and scalability of both protocols. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Phase reaction and diffusion path of the SiC/Ti system

Bonding of SiC to SiC was conducted using Ti foil at bonding temperatures from 1373 to 1773 K in vacuum. The total diffusion path between SiC and Ti was investigated in detail at 1673 K using Ti foil with a thickness of 50 μm. At a bonding time of 0.3 ks, TiC at the Ti side and a mixture of Ti₅Si₃C _x and TiC at the SiC side were formed, yielding the structure sequence of β-Ti/Ti+TiC/Ti₅Si₃C _x +TiC/SiC. Furthermore, at the bonding time of 0.9 ks, a Ti₅Si₃C _x layer phase appeared between SiC and the mixture of Ti₅Si₃C _x and TiC. Upon the formation of Ti₃SiC₂ (T phase) after the bonding time of 3.6 ks, the complete diffusion path was observed as follows: β-Ti/Ti+TiC/Ti₅Si₃C _x +TiC/Ti₅Si₃C _x /Ti₃SiC₂/SiC. The activation energies for growth of TiC, Ti₅Si₃C _x , and Ti₃SiC₂ were 194, 242, and 358 kJ/mol, respectively.     

Waldenstr?m''s macroglobulinemia resulting from localized gastric lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma

Arthritis may be the presenting manifestation of iron overload. The metacarpophalangeal joints are often involved, producing a condition that resembles osteoarthritis but at a site typically affected by rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of the arthritis is often disappointing, but identification of the underlying disease permits institution of life-saving phlebotomy therapy.     

Total and local heat transfer from a smooth circular cylinder in cross-flow at high reynolds number

The total and local heat transfer from a smooth circular cylinder to the cross flow of air has been measured over the Reynolds number range 3 × 10⁴ < Re < 4 × 10⁶. The interaction between flow and heat transfer is discussed. In particular, the boundary-layer effects on the heat transfer, such as transition from laminar to turbulent flow or boundary-layer separation, are considered in conjunction with the distributions of local static pressure and skin friction.     

Pressure dependence of the elastic shear modulus in V3Si

The pressure derivative of the elastic shear modulus of V₃Si is calculated from 20 to 300 K in the linear chain model for the -W compounds. The theory agrees with the experiment and predicts a different behavior for transforming and nontransforming single crystals.     

Cardiovascular and subjective effects of intravenous cocaine administration in humans

Nine volunteer subjects were tested with intravenously administered cocaine hydrochloride in doses ranging from 4 to 32 mg, as well as 10 mg of dextroamphetamine sulfate. Measures of cardiovascular and subjective effects were made. Generally parallel dose-effect functions were obtained for heart rate, blood pressure, Addiction Research Center Inventory scores, Profile of Mood Scales, and subject ratings. A substantial effect on each of these variables was recorded after 8 mg of cocaine. The increase continued and peaked at approximately 16 mg after which it usually leveled off. Ten milligrams of dextroamphetamine generally had an effect comparable to 8 to 16 mg of cocaine.     

Über den Einfluß des Standortes und des Anbaujahres auf Protein- und Fettgehalt sowie das Fettsäuremuster bei unterschiedlichen Sojabohnensorten

Influence of Location and the Year of Planting on the Protein-and Fat-Content and Fatty Acid Pattern of Different Varieties of Soybeans The influence of location and the year of planting on the crude protein content and crude fat content, as well as on the fatty acid composition of soybean oil was investigated and statistically evaluated. These studies were carried out using 12 different materials that were collected during a cultivation period of 2–3 years from various locations in Germany, France, Italy and Turkey. In addition, 8 Asian varieties of soybean, 4 of which were grown in Hongkong and 4 in Sweden, were investigated as well.