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61.
Elodie Guilminot Roxane Gavillon Marian Chatenet Sandrine Berthon-Fabry Arnaud Rigacci Tatiana Budtova 《Journal of power sources》2008
New nanostructured carbons have been prepared from pyrolysis of recently developed highly porous cellulose, aerocellulose (AC). Aerocellulose is an ultra-light and highly porous pure cellulose material prepared from cellulose gels followed by drying in carbon dioxide supercritical conditions. The carbonized aerocellulose (CAC) materials were obtained after pyrolysis of the aerocellulose under nitrogen flow at 830 °C, and subsequently doped by platinum nanoparticles. The platinum insertion process consisted of (i) thermal activation at various temperatures in CO2 atmosphere, (ii) impregnation by PtCl62− and (iii) platinum salt chemical reduction. The aerocellulose materials and their carbonized counterparts were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), mercury porosimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology of the platinum particles deposited on the carbonized aerocellulose materials (Pt/CAC) was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD): the Pt particles are of 4–5 nm size, mainly agglomerated, as a result of the complex surface chemistry of the CAC. Their electrocatalytic activity was investigated by quasi-steady-state voltammetry in the rotating disk electrode (RDE) setup, regarding the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Pt/CAC materials exhibit ORR specific activities comparable with those of commercial Pt/Vulcan XC72R. Their mass activity is lower, as a result of the ca. 10 times smaller specific area of platinum as compared with the commercial electrocatalyst. We nevertheless believe that provided an appropriate pyrolysis temperature is chosen, such green carbonized aerocellulose could be a promising electrocatalyst support for PEM application. 相似文献
62.
Yasser Ahmad Elodie Disa Marc Dubois Katia Guérin Vincent Dubois Wei Zhang Pierre Bonnet Francis Masin Loïc Vidal Dimitri A. Ivanov André Hamwi 《Carbon》2012,50(10):3897-3908
Multilayer carbonaceous nanomaterial has been synthesized using a two-step process: carbon nanodiscs/nanocones were fluorinated using either the direct reaction with pure F2 gas or the thermal decomposition of solid fluorinating agent (TbF4). Then the fluorinated parts were removed by treatment at 600 °C in air. When the fluorine atoms are homogenously dispersed, using fluorination by TbF4, thinning due to thermal defluorination results in multilayer materials with 7–10 nm of thickness and 400–500 nm of width. Such resulting materials and the fluorinated precursors have been characterized by solid state NMR, TGA, XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM and Raman spectroscopy. 相似文献
63.
Fahmida Irin Babina Shrestha Jaclyn E. Cañas Mohammad A. Saed Micah J. Green 《Carbon》2012,50(12):4441-4449
We demonstrate a novel technique for quantitative detection of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in biological samples by utilizing the thermal response of CNT under microwave irradiation. In particular, rapid heating of CNT due to microwave absorption is employed to quantify CNT uptake in agricultural samples with excellent sensitivity. We inject alfalfa (Medicago sativa) roots with a known quantity of CNT (single-walled and multi-walled) and expose the samples to a microwave field (30–50 W) to generate standard temperature-CNT concentration relationships; this detection method is then used to accurately determine CNT uptake by alfalfa plant roots grown in CNT-laden soil. The threshold for detectable CNT concentration is much lower (<0.1 μg) than common analytical methods such as electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Considering the lack of effective detection methods for CNT uptake in plants, our concept is not only unique but also practical, as it addresses a major problem in the field of nanomaterial characterization and nanotoxicology risk assessment. 相似文献
64.
Julien Parmentier Sébastien Schlienger Marc Dubois Elodie Disa Francis Masin Teresa A. Centeno 《Carbon》2012,50(14):5135-5147
Hydrophobic activated carbons are considered as interesting materials for air or water remediation due to their enhanced affinity for slightly water-soluble organic species. In this context, a commercial activated carbon, in an extruded form, was fluorinated under mild conditions (pure fluorine gas at room temperature) in order to decrease its hydrophilic character and to preserve its microporosity. For comparison, a hydrogenated activated carbon was also prepared by H2 treatment. The resulting samples were characterised by various techniques in order to determine the evolution of the activated carbon materials in terms of composition (XPS, elemental analysis, TGA and NMR) and porosity (nitrogen physisorption (77 K), mercury intrusion and immersion calorimetry). For the fluorinated carbon, the nature of the CFx groups and the strength of the C–F bonds were also investigated using 13C and 19F solid state NMR and TGA techniques. A labile character of the C–F bond, so far exclusively observed for fluorine intercalation compounds, is also shown for the first time for a fluorinated activated carbon by water adsorption/desorption isotherms at room temperature. Care should then be taken for its use in presence of water. 相似文献
65.
Katrin Bugelnig Holger Germann Thomas Steffens Robert Koos Elodie Boller Fabian Wilde Guillermo Requena 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2023,25(17):2300339
The strain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue behavior is investigated for three cast near-eutectic Al–Si alloys with different Ni, Cu, and Mg contents. Synchrotron tomography and neutron diffraction experiments are used to correlate 3D microstructural features with damage initiation and evolution. The results show that the alloy with lower Cu, Ni, and Mg concentrations has up to 45% higher thermomechanical fatigue resistance for cooling/heating rates of 5 and 15 K s−1. In addition, this alloy also exhibits damage formation at later stages during thermomechanical fatigue and slower damage accumulation compared to other alloys. This difference in behavior is a consequence of its higher ductility, which is a result of the lower volume fraction and global interconnectivity of the 3D hybrid networks formed by Si and intermetallics and the absence of large primary Si clusters which act as preferred crack initiation sites during the early stages of thermomechanical fatigue. 相似文献
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69.
Elodie Legros Carsten Amelunxen Felix Klar Andy Schürr 《Journal of Visual Languages and Computing》2009,20(4):252-268
In the automotive industry, the model driven development of software, today considered as the standard paradigm, is generally based on the use of the tool MATLAB Simulink/Stateflow. To increase the quality, the reliability, and the efficiency of the models and the generated code, checking and elimination of detected guideline violations defined in huge catalogs has become an essential task in the development process. It represents such a tremendous amount of boring work that it must necessarily be automated. In the past we have shown that graph transformation tools like Fujaba/MOFLON allow for the specification of single modeling guidelines on a very high level of abstraction and that guideline checking tools can be generated from these specifications easily. Unfortunately, graph transformation languages do not offer appropriate concepts for reuse of specification fragments—a MUST, when we deal with hundreds of guidelines. As a consequence we present an extension of MOFLON that supports the definition of generic rewrite rules and combines them with the reflective programming mechanisms of Java and the model repository interface standard Java Metadata Interface (JMI). 相似文献
70.