A 5‐MHz AT‐cut quartz crystal oscillating circuit functioning in 350 nA

An oscillating circuit functioning at ultra low power (350 nA) for a 5‐MHz AT‐cut quartz crystal oscillator was investigated. This circuit has a resistance between the power terminal of the CMOS‐IC and the power supply, and another between the earth terminal of the CMOS‐IC and the ground (GND). These resistances discourage an inrush of current, and set a gain (g_m) necessary for oscillating the circuit at minimum. The developed circuit is quite simple, but enables driving at once‐unthinkable, low power (below 1 µA). © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Self-diffusion of cadmium in cadmium telluride annealed in tellurium-saturated atmosphere

Diffusion behavior of Cd in volume and along dislocations in high-purity CdTe annealed in Te-saturated atmosphere has been studied by the radioactive tracer method with a serial ion-beam sputter-microsectioning technique. The temperature dependence of volume diffusion coefficients shows a bend around 773 K, whereas that of the self-diffusion along dislocations shows a straight line. This suggests that the defect induced by impurities enhances the volume diffusion but does not affect the diffusion along dislocations.     

Enhancement in Performance of the Tubular Thermoelectric Generator (TTEG)

For use in a tubular thermoelectric generator (TTEG), we fabricated tubular Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃/Ni composite using a melt-spinning technique combined with the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. With this method, powder sintering, joining of two different materials, and tubular shaping can be achieved simultaneously. The tilted laminate structure which is crucial for the transverse thermoelectric effect was successfully achieved in the sample after SPS densification. The sintered samples showed better mechanical stability and thermoelectric properties compared with the previously studied melt-cast sample. We confirmed larger open-circuit voltage of 240 mV and generating power of 2.5 W with a 100-mm-long TTEG under the small temperature difference of 83 K, and the corresponding power density for a unit heat transfer surface area was approximately 800 W m^?2.     

Characterization of multiple forms of lactophorin isolated from bovine milk whey

A glycoprotein that reacted to the antisoluble glycoprotein of bovine milk fat globule membrane was purified from the proteose-peptone of whey and designated lactophorin. Lactophorin was separated into seven components. Lactophorin and the seven components were rich in aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, leucine, and lysine. The content of threonine, glycine, isoleucine, lysine, and arginine varied in each component. The ratio of fucose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, and sialic acid of lactophorin, which contains about 18% saccharide, were 1, 6.6, 10.3, 5.5, 9.7, and 11.6, respectively, while the respective ratio of the seven components were 1, 5 to 6, 7 to 9, 3 to 4, 6 to 8, and 4 to 12. Sialic acid content varied in each component. Protein-carbohydrate linkage was N- and o-glucoside linkage. Lactophorin consisted of seven polypeptides (I to VII) with apparent molecular weights 17,000 to 67,000. Bands I, II, VI, and VII were glycoprotein. Bands VI and VII were major and had antigenicity to anti-soluble glycoprotein, while bands I to V were minor polypeptides. Component 1 consisted of only one polypeptide (VII), whereas the components 2 to 7 contained two major (VI, VII, or both) and several minor polypeptides. The sedimentation pattern of each component was a single and almost symmetrical peak. Sedimentation coefficient was 3.79 to 5.64 S and also varied in lactophorin. The results indicate that lactophorin has multiple forms.     

Detection of Thermal Radiation,Sensing of Heat Flux,and Recovery of Waste Heat by the Transverse Thermoelectric Effect

The transverse thermoelectric effect is unique in that an output voltage can be extracted in the direction perpendicular to the input temperature gradient. This paper describes how this transverse feature can be exploited to realize simple and promising configurations of thermoelectric devices. For detection of thermal radiation, two-dimensional imaging has been demonstrated by a fabricated sensor array of tilt-oriented Ca _x CoO₂ epitaxial thin film. We have also developed a serpentine heat flux sensor made of multilayered Bi/Cu, and Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃/Ni tubular thermoelectric devices for power generation. The fabrication processes and test results are presented.     

TWO REACTION PATH KINETICS IN CO OXIDATION ON ZINC OXIDE

The mode of transient response curves in CO oxidation on ZnO is drastically changed to a false start, an overshoot or an instantaneous mode, depending on the concentration region of CO. These characteristic modes and the anomalous steady state rate data which show maximum and minimum are consistently explained by the two reaction pathways model.