Equilibrium and pre-equilibrium calculations of neutron production in medium–heavy targets irradiated by protons up to 100 MeV

In this study, by using equilibrium and pre-equilibrium reaction mechanisms, the (p,xn) cross-sections of the spallation neutron target nuclei ^50,52,53,54Cr and ^63,65Cu were investigated for incident proton energies up to 100 MeV. The excitation functions for pre-equilibrium reaction mechanisms were calculated by using a hybrid model, a geometry dependent hybrid model, the full exciton model and the cascade exciton model. Equilibrium effects were calculated according to the Weisskopf–Ewing model. The calculation results were also compared with the measurements in literature.     

Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits

In this study, the chemical composition of white (Morus alba L.), red (Morus rubra L.) and black (Morus nigra L.) mulberry fruits grown in the East Anatolia Region of Turkey was investigated. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in black mulberry (1422 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh matter and 276 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g fresh matter). M. alba had the highest total fat content (1.10%), followed by M. nigra (0.95%) and M. rubra (0.85%), respectively. The major fatty acids in mulberry fruits were linoleic acid (54.2%), palmitic acid (19.8%) and oleic acid (8.41%), respectively. The total soluble solids content of mulberry species varied between 15.9% (M. rubra L.) and 20.4% (M. alba L.), acidity between 0.25% (M. alba L.) and 1.40% (M. nigra L.), pH between 3.52 (M. nigra L.) and 5.60 (M. alba L.), ascorbic acid 19.4 mg/100 g (M. rubra L.) and 22.4 mg/100 g (M. alba L.), respectively. Mineral compositions of the mulberry species were 0.83% N, 235 mg/100 g P, 1141 mg/100 g K, 139 mg/100 g Ca, 109 mg/100 g Mg, 60 mg/100 g Na, 4.3 mg/100 g Fe, 0.4 mg/100 g Cu, 4.0 mg/100 g Mn and 3.1 mg/100 g Zn, respectively.     

Determination of important biochemical properties of honey to discriminate pure and adulterated honey with sucrose (Saccharum officinarum L.) syrup

The aims of the present study were to determine biochemical properties of honey samples and to discriminate pure and adulterated honey produced by the standard bee feeding method (control honey), the shaking method (pure blossom honey), and overfeeding (100 kg/colony syrup) with sucrose syrup (adulterated honey). The biochemical properties evaluated were moisture, ash, acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), specific sugars (i.e. fructose, glucose, fructose–glucose, sucrose, and maltose), diastase activity, δ¹³C value (honey), δ¹³C value (protein), electrical conductivity, potassium, vitamin C, and proline. Fifteen honey samples were analyzed by discriminant analysis stepwise method. Proline, electrical conductivity and sucrose were found as discriminative characters of samples. Based on these three properties 100% of original group cases (samples) correctly classified in their real group. We found that the honey produced by feeding with 100 kg sucrose syrup per colony contained the sucrose as low as pure blossom honey. Therefore, the sugar (sucrose, fructose and glucose) content of honey cannot be used to distinguish between adulterated (sucrose syrup) and pure blossom honey.     

Current Views of the Structure of the Mammalian Mitochondrial Ribosome

Mammalian mitochondria synthesize polypeptides crucial for energy generation using ribosomes with a number of unique features. These ribosomes are very protein rich and have very truncated ribosomal RNAs. The bulk of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome is composed of proteins, only about half of which are homologs of ribosomal proteins found in other translational systems. A number of distinctive features are found in these ribosomes. Among these is a gate-like structure that allows entrance of the primarily leaderless mRNAs that characterize this system. The exit tunnel of the large subunit is also quite unusual and includes a site in which the nascent peptide is visible to solvent prior to the normal exit site. Further, this region of the mitochondrial ribosome is dominated by ribosomal proteins rather than rRNA and is involved in the interaction of the ribosome with the inner membrane where all of the translation products are ultimately located. The proteins of the mitochondrial ribosome appear to play a number of important roles in the cell in addition to their function in protein biosynthesis, including roles in apoptosis and in cell cycle control.     

Teacher beliefs and technology integration practices: A critical relationship

Early studies indicated that teachers’ enacted beliefs, particularly in terms of classroom technology practices, often did not align with their espoused beliefs. Researchers concluded this was due, at least in part, to a variety of external barriers that prevented teachers from using technology in ways that aligned more closely with their beliefs. However, many of these barriers (access, support, etc.) have since been eliminated in the majority of schools. This multiple case-study research was designed to revisit the question, “How do the pedagogical beliefs and classroom technology practices of teachers, recognized for their technology uses, align?”     

Integration of simulation modeling and computer aided production management in computer integrated enterprise

Designing efficient and integrated manufacturing systems is the first step in attaining computer integrated enterprises (CIE). Integration of planning and implementation phases of manufacturing is essential for taking full advantage of the CIE. In order to design reliable and efficient manufacturing systems, the designers must consider the impacts of planning decisions made by computer aided production management (CAPM) modules on implementations held in manufacturing cells.

This paper focuses on two issues. The first issue is importance and necessity of integrating CAPM modules with manufacturing cells. The second issue includes major features of the object-oriented approach and their relevance to our objective of modeling a design framework which focuses on integration of CAPM modules and simulation models which emulate the manufacturing cells in the CIE environment.     

Human serum albumin adsorption on poly[(glycidyl methacrylate)‐co‐(methyl methacrylate)] beads modified with a spacer‐arm‐attached L‐histidine ligand

Poly(GMA/MMA) beads were synthesized from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of a cross‐linker (i.e. ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) (EGDMA) via suspension polymerization. The epoxy groups of the poly(GMA/MMA) beads were converted into amino groups with either ammonia or 1,6‐diaminohexane (i.e. spacer‐arm). An L ‐histidine ligand was then covalently immobilized on the aminated (poly(GMA/MMA)‐AH) and/or the spacer‐arm attached (poly(GMA/MMA)‐SAH) beads using glutaric dialdehyde as a coupling agent. Both affinity adsorbents were used in human serum albumin (HSA) adsorption/desorption studies under defined pH, ionic strength or temperature conditions in a batch reactor. The spacer‐arm attached affinity adsorbent resulted in an increase in the adsorption capacity to HSA when compared to the aminated counterpart (i.e. poly(GMA/MMA)‐AH). The maximum adsorption capacities of the affinity adsorbents were found to be significantly high, i.e. 43.7 and 80.2 mg g^?1 (of the beads), while the affinity constants, evaluated by the Langmuir model, were 3.96 × 10^?7 and 9.53 × 10^?7 mol L^?1 for poly(GMA/MMA)‐AH and poly(GMA/MMA)‐SAH, respectively. The adsorption capacities of the affinity adsorbents were decreased for HSA by increasing the ionic strength, adjusted with NaCl. The adsorption kinetics of HSA were analysed by using pseudo‐first and pseudo‐second‐order equations. The second‐order equation fitted well with the experimental data. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

The mystery-mastery complex in contemporary psychology.

This "complex… is one of the major forces interfering with our understanding of the nature of human personality… . The complex… consists in the simultaneous pursuit of 2 objectives: (a) to keep the nature of human personality from being understood, to preserve it under a cloak of mystery and (b) to master, or predict and control, the behavior of human beings." 5 different but related features characterize a good deal of contemporary research enterprise: (1) The scientist-S distinction. (2) The definition of psychology as the study of behavior. (3) The choice of lower animals, particularly domesticated animals, as Ss-of-choice in research. (4) The specification of the aim of research as the discovery of "laws." (5) The cultural norm that research consists of the testing of preconceived hypotheses. Each is separately discussed. We "need to be more aware of the factors associated with the knowledge-getting processes." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)