Development of Mechanically Biologically Treated Municipal Solid Waste under Different Vegetation Types

The use of mechanically biologically treated (MBT) waste as cover material for landfills during the aftercare period has gained in importance since the previous decade. The question arises how such materials change their properties under open field conditions. For field experiments, two MBT plants in Austria with related landfills were selected. A cover layer consisting of MBT material was applied on the surface and planted with grass and rape. The development without any vegetation served as a reference. Leaching, mineralization, and humification of waste organic matter were quantified. The impact of time, sampling depth, respective oxygen supply, and vegetation on the material was investigated. Intensive grass vegetation promoted mineralization and humification. Leaching of salts and the transformation of nitrogen were mainly influenced by time and depth. Aerobic conditions advanced degradation of still-reactive material. Under aerobic conditions, the remaining respiration activity was about two times lower than in the anaerobic zones. It was proven that well stabilized MBT material can be used as a cover layer with adequate vegetation.     

探索常见房屋装修设计方案

随着时代的发展和科技的进步,人们在满足基本的物质文化需求的基础上开始更加注重精神上的需求。本文对房屋装修设计的要点和趋势、房屋装修过程中面临的问题以及解决问题的对策等做了详细的分析和系统的阐述。     

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to new psychoactive substance analysis

In the past decade a plethora of drugs with similar effects to controlled psychoactive drugs, like cannabis, amfetamine (amphetamine), or lysergic acid diethylamide, have been synthesized. These drugs can collectively be classified under the term new psychoactive substances (NPS) and are used for recreational purposes. The novelty of the substances, alongside the rapid rate of emergence and structural variability, makes their detection as well as their legal control highly challenging, increasing the demand for rapid and easy-to-use analytical techniques for their detection and identification. Therefore, interest in ambient ionization mass spectrometry applied to NPS has grown in recent years, which is largely because it is relatively fast and simple to use and has a low operating cost. This review aims to provide a critique of the suitability of current ambient ionization techniques for the analysis of NPS in the forensic and clinical toxicology fields. Consideration is given to analytical performance and ease of implementation, including ionization efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity, quantification, analyte chemistry, molecular coverage, validation, and practicality.     

Green Nanocoatings Prepared by Crosslinking Self-Assembled Fatty Acids on Metals

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are an important element of modern nanotechnology and surface functionalization. However, their application is still limited because they are easily removed from the surface of the object in corrosive environments. Crosslinking would make SAMs more resistant to the corrosive environment they are exposed to. In this work, how to strongly crosslink SAMs made of non-toxic and biodegradable fatty acids on metal surfaces using ionizing radiation has been demonstrated for the first time. The crosslinked nanocoatings are stable over time and have significantly improved properties compared to SAMs. Thus, crosslinking opens up the possibility of using SAMS in a variety of different systems and on different materials for surface functionalization to achieve stable and durable surface properties such as biocompatibility or selective reactivity.