Relative Contribution of Blood Pressure and Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity to Proximal Tubular Sodium Reabsorption via NHE3 Activity

We examined the effects of an acute increase in blood pressure (BP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA) induced by bicuculline (Bic) injection in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) or the effects of a selective increase in rSNA induced by renal nerve stimulation (RNS) on the renal excretion of sodium and water and its effect on sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) activity. Uninephrectomized anesthetized male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (1) Sham; (2) Bic PVN: (3) RNS + Bic injection into the PVN. BP and rSNA were recorded, and urine was collected prior and after the interventions in all groups. RNS decreased sodium (58%) and water excretion (53%) independently of BP changes (p < 0.05). However, after Bic injection in the PVN during RNS stimulation, the BP and rSNA increased by 30% and 60% (p < 0.05), respectively, diuresis (5-fold) and natriuresis (2.3-fold) were increased (p < 0.05), and NHE3 activity was significantly reduced, independently of glomerular filtration rate changes. Thus, an acute increase in the BP overcomes RNS, leading to diuresis, natriuresis, and NHE3 activity inhibition.     

Mechanochemical synthesis of ternary chalcogenide chalcostibite CuSbS2 and its characterization

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - In this work, the very rapid one-step mechanochemical synthesis of nanocrystalline ternary chalcogenide chalcostibite CuSbS2 prepared from...     

Herstellung von eiwei?freien Milchseren auf kaltem Weg

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The genome of wine yeast Dekkera bruxellensis provides a tool to explore its food-related properties

The yeast Dekkera/Brettanomyces bruxellensis can cause enormous economic losses in wine industry due to production of phenolic off-flavor compounds. D. bruxellensis is a distant relative of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nevertheless, these two yeasts are often found in the same habitats and share several food-related traits, such as production of high ethanol levels and ability to grow without oxygen. In some food products, like lambic beer, D. bruxellensis can importantly contribute to flavor development. We determined the 13.4 Mb genome sequence of the D. bruxellensis strain Y879 (CBS2499) and deduced the genetic background of several "food-relevant" properties and evolutionary history of this yeast. Surprisingly, we find that this yeast is phylogenetically distant to other food-related yeasts and most related to Pichia (Komagataella) pastoris, which is an aerobic poor ethanol producer. We further show that the D. bruxellensis genome does not contain an excess of lineage specific duplicated genes nor a horizontally transferred URA1 gene, two crucial events that promoted the evolution of the food relevant traits in the S. cerevisiae lineage. However, D. bruxellensis has several independently duplicated ADH and ADH-like genes, which are likely responsible for metabolism of alcohols, including ethanol, and also a range of aromatic compounds.     

THROO: a Tracked Hybrid Rover to Overpass Obstacles

In this paper, the design, simulation and experimental tests are presented for THROO: a Tracked Hybrid Rover, which has been developed to Overpass Obstacles. The proposed mobile robot has 3-DOFs and it is capable of straight motion, turning ability and two operations, namely rover-like motion with tracks on flat terrain and walking-like motion with track and legs to overpass obstacles to move on uneven terrain. The leg mechanism is composed of a four-bar linkage, which has been synthesized according to the desired features. In particular, the Burmester problem, which aims at finding the geometric parameters of a four-bar linkage required for a prescribed set of finitely separated poses are solved for the case understudy. Dynamic simulations have been carried out and a prototype has been built. The proposed results show the hybrid rover ability to overpass obstacles, for which size is comparable or greater than the track high.     

Zur Elektrodenkinetik von Reinst – Eisen im Phosphatelektrolyten bei Feststoffeinschlag (Simulation von Erosionskorrosion)

Electrode kinetics of high purity iron in phosphate electrolytes under solid particle impact (Simulation of erosion corrosion) Erosion-corrosion of high purity iron was simulated by means of a vibration cell in a neutral phosphate electrolyte. The investigations were carried out to explain the initiation processes of this type of corrosion. The results confirm the general conception of the central role of reaction layer destruction in erosion-corrosion processes. Under these conditions a qualitative change in reaction layer formation occur. By solid impact the layers are destroyed locally and so conditions of pit nucleation exist. The destruction of the layers depends on the action of shear forces resulting from tensile or compressive strains.     

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in Parkinson's disease

We compared CSF and serum levels, and the CSF/serum ratio of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), measured by HPLC, in 34 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 47 controls. CSF and serum vitamin E levels were correlate. The mean CSF and serum vitamin E levels, and the CSF/serum ratio of PD patients did not differ significantly between the groups. There was no influence of antiparkinsonian therapy on CSF vitamin E levels. CSF vitamin E levels did not correlate with age, age at onset, duration of the disease, scores of the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale of the Hoehn and Yahr staging in the PD group. These results suggest that CSF vitamin E concentrations are unrelated with the risk for PD.     

Analysis of food dyes E 110, E 111, and E 124 in fish samples by ion pair partition HPLC

Zusammenfassung Das isomere Farbstoffpaar E 110 und E 111 kann nach Ionenpaarbildung auf UmkehrPhasen-Säulen in HPLC gut getrennt werden. Das in Deutschland nicht mehr zugelassene Isomere E 111 kann auf diese Weise in Farbstoff- und Lebensmittelproben bestimmt werden.Die Analyse von E 110, E 111 und E 124 in Seelachsproben wird beschrieben.

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Analysis of food dyes E 110, E 111, and E 124 in fish samples by ion pair partition HPLC

Summary The isomeric food dyes E 110 and E 111 can be separated by ion pair partition HPLC on reversed-phase columns. The isomer E 111 - no longer permitted in Germany - can thus be determined in dye and food samples. The determination of E 110, E 111, and E 124 in fish samples (canned saithe) is described.

     

Infantile malnutrition: social cost of respiratory and digestive pathology

Information from the hospital records of 1,660 children under two years of age admitted to the Hospital Roberto del Río (Northern District of Santiago) during 1979, allowed carrying out an analysis of the effect of malnutrition upon the admission rate and length of stay for diarrhea and respiratory infections. The following indexes were calculated and related to nutritional status: a) Admission rate for the total population of children under two years of age from the Northern District of Santiago; b) frequency of associated and intercurrent pathology, and c) length of stay. The three indexes evidenced a clear relationship with nutritional status (P much less than 0.01), showing a progressive deterioration as the relationship weight/age became impaired. The admission rate for diarrhea was nine times higher, and the length of stay 16.9% higher (P less than 0.001) in children with mild malnutrition as compared with normal patients. For respiratory infections the rates were 2.4 and 24.7% higher (P less than 0.001) in malnourished patients than in normals. The excess of admission rate for diarrhea and respiratory pathology, conditioned by malnutrition in the Northern District of Santiago, was estimated as the cost equivalent to 10,609 extra days of stay, with an annual cost above US$300,000. The investment of such an amount of money in health promotion and protection activities would certainly increase its social cost-effectiveness.