Tetracyclines and their metabolites in egg white and yolk

 4-Epimers of tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) were formed in vivo in laying hens and excreted in substantial amounts besides the residues of the administered parent compounds via the egg. The recent observation of isochlortetracycline (i-CTC) and its 4-epimer as being the principal metabolites in eggs after feeding CTC could be confirmed. The ratio of 4-epimer to parent compound of TC, CTC and i-CTC was lower in egg white and higher in yolk and did not change during medication with TC or CTC. Further, yet unidentified, in vivo formed metabolites were observed. Received: 27 July 1998     

Meta-insight: Do people really know how others see them?

Although people can accurately guess how others see them, many studies have suggested that this may only be because people generally assume that others see them as they see themselves. These findings raise the question: In their everyday lives, do people understand the distinction between how they see their own personality and how others see their personality? We examined whether people make this distinction, or whether people possess what we call meta-insight. In 3 studies, we assessed meta-insight for a broad range of traits (e.g., Big Five, intelligent, funny) across several naturalistic social contexts (e.g., first impression, friends). Our findings suggest that people can make valid distinctions between how they see themselves and how others see them. Thus, people seem to have some genuine insight into their reputation and do not achieve meta-accuracy only by capitalizing on the fact that others see them similarly to how they see themselves. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Team negotiation: An examination of integrative and distributive bargaining": Correction.

Reports an error in "Team negotiation: An examination of integrative and distributive bargaining" by Leigh Thompson, Erika Peterson and Susan E. Brodt (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1996[Jan], Vol 70[1], 66-78). Susan E. Brodt's department affiliation was listed incorrectly on p. 66. Her correct affiliation is The Fuqua School of Business, Duke University. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1996-01707-006.) Two experiments compared the effectiveness of team and solo negotiators in integrative and distributive bargaining. When at least 1 party to a negotiation was a team, joint profit increased. Teams, more than solos, developed mutually beneficial trade-offs among issues and discovered compatible interests. The presence of at least 1 team increased information exchange and accuracy in judgments about the other party's interests in comparison with solo negotiations. The belief by both teams and solos that teams have a relative advantage over solo opponents was not supported by actual outcomes. Unexpectedly, neither private meetings nor friendships among team members improved the team's advantage. Teams of friends made less accurate judgments and reached fewer integrative agreements compared to teams of nonfriends. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

NMDA-NR1 receptor subunit mRNA expression in rat brain after 6-OH-dopamine induced lesions: a non-isotopic in situ hybridization study

Antisense digoxigenin-labeled deoxyoligonucleotides probes and non-isotopic in situ hybridization (HIS) techniques have been used to explore the NMDA-NR1 receptor subunit mRNA distribution in different brain areas of rats which had their dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway previously lesioned with intracerebral administration of 6-OH-dopamine (6-OH-DA). Intense and significant hybridization signals for NR1 mRNA were found in dentate gyrus and regions CA1-CA2-CA3 of the hippocampus, in layers II-III and V-VI of the cerebral cortex, and in the cerebellum of sham-treated rats. Basal ganglia structures such as the striatum exhibited few NR1 mRNA hybridization signals as compared to the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In contrast, both zona compacta and reticulata of substantia nigra (SN) showed a reduced number of cells with nevertheless intense NR1 mRNA HIS signals. The NR1 mRNA distribution in the brain was affected in a brain regional selective manner by 6-OH-DA induced lesions of DA neuronal systems. A striking increase in NR1 mRNA HIS signals was observed in both striata after unilateral lesioning with 6-OH-DA. Instead, in SN compacta but not in reticulata, a moderate but significant bilateral reduction of NR1 mRNA was observed after unilateral 6-OH-DA injection. No significant changes in NR1 mRNA were detected in cerebral cortex and other brain regions after 6-OH-DA treatment. These studies, and others reported in the literature, support the view that extensive lesions of nigrostriatal DA-containing neurons in the brain may trigger compensatory or adaptative responses in basal ganglia structures such as striatum and substantia nigra which involve glutamateric neurons and the genic expression of NMDA receptors.     

Fine milling in applied mechanochemistry

This review paper is devoted to application of mechanochemistry in extractive metallurgy, crystal engineering, materials engineering, coal industry, building industry, agriculture, pharmacy and waste treatment. In extractive metallurgy the most commercially attractive potential applications using fine milling (Activox, Melt) will be illustrated. Mechanochemical approach in crystal and materials engineering will focus on the non-equilibrium processing of materials and their current and potential applications. In agriculture the technological advantages of mechanochemical methods over traditional methods for improving the solubility of natural phosphates will be documented. In pharmacy, the selected examples of fine milling application will show the improved bioavailability of drugs. The examples of fine milling utilization in coal industry, building industry and waste treatment are also given. Simplification of the processes, ecological safety and the product extraordinariness characterize the application of fine milling in mechanochemistry.     

Intensity-based signal separation algorithm for accurate quantification of clustered centrosomes in tissue sections

Centrosomes are small organelles that organize the mitotic spindle during cell division and are also involved in cell shape and polarity. Within epithelial tumors, such as breast cancer, and some hematological tumors, centrosome abnormalities (CAs) are common, occur early in disease etiology, and correlate with chromosomal instability and disease stage. In situ quantification of CA by optical microscopy is hampered by overlap and clustering of these organelles, which appear as focal structures. CA has been frequently associated with Tp53 status in premalignant lesions and tumors. Here the authors described an approach to accurately quantify centrosome frequencies in tissue sections and tumors, independently of background or noise levels. Applying simple optical rules in nondeconvolved conventional 3D images of stained tissue sections, the authors showed that they could evaluate more accurately and rapidly centrosome frequencies than with traditional investigator-based visual analysis or threshold-based techniques. The resulting population-based frequency of centrosomes per nucleus could then be used to approximate the proportion of cells with CA in that same population. This was done by taking into account baseline centrosome amplification and proliferation rates measured in the tissue. Using this technique, the authors showed that 20-30% of cells have amplified centrosomes in Tp53 null mammary tumors.     

A Qualitative Examination of Black College Women's Beliefs About Abuse in Relationships.

Do you wonder how young Black women view violence in dating relationships? In this qualitative study, the authors analyzed the responses of 64 Black college women to open-ended survey questions about abusive relationships. Participants shared their definitions of abuse, beliefs about what causes abuse, experiences of abuse, and opinions about offenders. The results revealed risk factors and sources of support for participants, which can be used to inform practitioners' interventions and prevention strategies. Practical implications for practitioners, future directions for research, and limitations of the study are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

酣然入梦

对最新的卧室用品尤其是对单人床和双人床的调查表明：木制床具非常流行。其中，漂白橡木或黑色乌格木最受欢迎。稳固的结构、简洁的造型也成为趋势。     

Gangliosides of cultured cells of a rat mammary carcinoma cell line

Ganglioside content of rat mammary carcinoma-derived cells grown in layers in vitro was nearly as high as that of apical plasma membrane-derived milk fat globule membrane and nearly four times higher than the content of normal, lactating mammary tissue on a protein basis. The major ganglioside of these carcinoma-derived cells was identified as GDla (sialic acid-Gal-GalNAc-(sialic acid)-Gal-Glc-Cer. Relative to carcinoma-derived cells, rat mammary tissue and milk fat globule membrane had more complex ganglioside patterns but appeared to lack substantial quantities of GDla.     

Genotoxicity of estrogens

 Genotoxic effect of the endogenous mammalian estrogen 17β-estradiol and the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol have recently been demonstrated, e. g. the induction of numerical chromosome aberrations (aneuploidy, i. e., the condition in which one or more whole chromosomes of a normal set are missing or present in more than the usual set of copies) and the formation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adducts. It is likely that the genotoxicity of the estrogens acts in concert with their hormonal activity to give rise to their carcinogenic effects. Many of the phytoestrogens that occur in plants and the numerous anthropogenic estrogens in our environment, which are ingested with food, have not yet been examined for their genotoxic potential. Recent studies have demonstrated that some but not all of these estrogens exhibit genotoxicity. The type and strength of the genotoxicity strongly depends on the chemical structure and does not correlate with estrogenicity. For example, coumestrol and genistein are clastogenic in cultured mammalian cells and lead to gene mutations, whereas biochanin-A and bisphenol-A have the potential to cause aneuploidy. Daidzein, enterolactone, enterodiol and certain bisphenols are devoid of genotoxic effects. The genotoxicity should be determined individually for each estrogen and taken into account in the assessment of its carcinogenic risk. Received: 19 December 1997