A preliminary study on the status of invasive palm squirrels in Oman

ABSTRACT

Palm squirrels of the genus Funambulus are reported as invasive in the Sultanate of Oman for the first time. These squirrels have been recorded in seven locations in northern Oman contributing to a total of 11 records. Seven records were of the Five-striped northern palm squirrel, Funambulus pennantii (Wroughton, 1905) and species identification was indeterminate for four records. Funambulus pennantii was supposed to be the only species in United Arab Emirates (UAE), but here evidence is shown for the presence of the Three-striped Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1776) in Ras Al Khaimah. So, there is a possibility that this species may also occur in Oman. These palm squirrels are feeding on the fruits of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. and the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera (L.) Mill. There is an indication that these species could become pests on date palms. Their abundance is low at present in Oman, but they are well established in the adjacent UAE from where sustained invasion is possible. They are also available through pet shops in Oman. The invasion of Oman by the palm squirrels is in its infancy and strategies should be formulated to eradicate/control them as a matter of priority.     

Review of Continuity and change in art: The development of modes of representation.

Maintains that S. and E. Blatt's book is a monumental, awe-inspiring, and profoundly scientific work of great inner beauty. It explores the history of painting from the Paleolithic Period (15,000-10,000 B.C.) to contemporary art. With enormous erudition Blatt discusses parallel developments in art and science. The thesis of Blatt's book is that the development of culture in mankind is fundamentally parallel to the cognitive development of the child as described by J. Piaget. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Theory of NMR multiple echoes in solid hydrogen

We have examined the theory of NMR multiple echoes developed for solid³He to determine whether multiple echoes could be observed in solid hydrogen. We were particularly interested in the possibility of testing for low frequency quantum tunneling motions in solid hydrogen by the observation of multiple echoes. We find that for easily accessible nuclear spin polarizations, P > 12%, multiple echoes would be observed for HD impurities in solid parahydrogen if motional narrowing is effective in increasing the HD nuclear spin-spin relaxation time T₂ to the order of 1 msec. These values for T₂, which have been observed for HD impurity concentrations of the order of 1%, are larger than the calculated rigid lattice values and can be attributed to quantum tunneling at frequencies of the order of 1kHz.     

Lost and found half a century later: Letters by Freud and Einstein.

The author offers a letter that she had written as a student to 100 scientists and philosophers in 1932 to elucidate the process that occurred when these individuals had their most productive thought. 41 of the 100 responded; the correspondence received from Einstein and Freud are reproduced. In 1947, the letters were lost, apparently left on a commuter train. The author describes the process which led to the rediscovery of these important missives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Characteristics of women physically abused by their spouses and who seek treatment regarding marital conflict.

Abused women (23 physically vs 25 marital discordant nonabused) reported significantly more fear of their spouses and reported that their spouses were significantly more coercive and psychologically aggressive than women in the 2 matched nonabused groups. Abused women did not report higher rates of abuse as a child, nor did they report higher rates of past psychopathology than women in the nonabused groups. However, abused women and nonabused discordant women reported higher rates of emotional abuse in childhood than maritally satisfied nonabused women. Result suggests that childhood abuse and a history of depression may be risk factors for women in abusive and nonabusive discordant relationships. Abused women reported higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder than women in the discordant-only and community control groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluating strategic remanufacturing supply chain decisions

Accurately evaluating strategic commitments to remanufacturing requires a comprehensive understanding and consideration of the simultaneous effect of uncertainty on supply and demand. This paper presents a model that supports improved remanufacturing decision-making under stochastic demand and supply components and various cost factor considerations. The model is formulated as a newsvendor model extension that considers the simultaneous effects of probabilistic supply and demand. This characterisation assesses the effects of critical operational constraints on several strategic performance measures including cost, revenue and profit. The paper employs a Monte Carlo approach to assess the performance and extent of engagement in strategic remanufacturing supply chain operations, and illustrates results via a case study application. Results indicate that the technique can assist decision-makers in strategically determining the potential of future engagements in remanufacturing activities, and extends research findings by theoretically examining strategic decision-making for remanufacturing activity.     

Driving in an urban environment,the stress response and effects of exercise

Driving may be detrimental to health, with one hypothesis suggesting that driving may elicit an acute stress response and, with repeated exposures, may become a chronic stressor. The present study examined the stress response to driving and the effectiveness of a prior exercise bout in dampening this response. Twenty healthy adults performed three tasks: control, driving and exercise plus driving. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP) and cortisol were measured to quantify the acute stress response to each condition. Data indicated a stress response to driving: HR was elevated and HRV was reduced during the driving task compared with control. HR was elevated and HRV was reduced comparing the exercise plus driving with the driving condition. BP and cortisol were not different among conditions. The potential of interventions, such as exercise, to counter daily stressors should be evaluated to safeguard long-term health.

Practitioner Summary: this study confirms that driving induces a stress response, with the exercise intervention providing mixed results (an increase in cardiovascular measures and a decrease in cortisol measure trending significance). Given the known consequences of stress and evidence that exercise can mitigate acute stress, further evaluation of exercise interventions is recommended.     

Process Intensification by Experimental Design Application to Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juglans regia</Emphasis> L.

Microwave-assisted extraction was applied to Juglans regia L. fresh male flowers and unripe walnut seeds to evaluate the total phenolic contents of the extracts as well as the percentage of water-soluble polyphenols. The research was planned using the Design of Experiments technique to investigate the role on the extraction efficiency of different parameters, such as temperature, time and number of microwave heating cycles, together with their possible interactions. Optimization was achieved by applying a Response Surface Methodology comprising a three-factor, two-level, full-factorial Face-Centred Central Composite Design. The two input variables with a significant effect on the recovery of phenols from fresh male flowers were the extraction temperature and the number of microwave cycles. In the case of unripe walnut seeds, a linear two-factor interaction model was selected, with significant interactions occurring between temperature and time, and time and number of microwave cycles. The best experimental conditions were as follows: 100 °C, 6 min, three microwave heating cycles and 22.7 ± 0.2 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g (total phenolic content, PC); energy consumption calculations suggested slightly different conditions: 60 °C, 30 min, three microwave heating cycles and 20.7 ± 0.3 mg GAE/g (TPC).     

Effects of foot placement,hand positioning,age and climbing biodynamics on ladder slip outcomes

Ladder falls frequently cause severe injuries; yet the factors that influence ladder slips/falls are not well understood. This study aimed to quantify (1) the effects of restricted foot placement, hand positioning, climbing direction and age on slip outcomes, and (2) differences in climbing styles leading to slips versus styles leading to non-slips. Thirty-two occupational ladder users from three age groups (18–24, 25–44 and 45–64 years) were unexpectedly slipped climbing a vertical ladder, while being assigned to different foot placement conditions (unrestricted vs. restricted toe clearance) and different hand positions (rails vs. rungs). Constraining foot placement increased the climber's likelihood of slipping (p < 0.01), while younger and older participants slipped more than the middle-aged group (p < 0.01). Longer double stance time, dissimilar and more variable foot and body positioning were found in styles leading to a slip. Maintaining sufficient toe clearance and targeting ladder safety training to younger and older workers may reduce ladder falls.

Practitioner Summary: Ladder falls frequently cause severe occupational fall injuries. This study aims to identify safer ladder climbing techniques and individuals at risk of falling. The results suggest that ladders with unrestricted toe clearance and ladder climbing training programmes, particularly for younger and older workers, may reduce ladder slipping risk.